DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGE THROUGH CBT APPROACH IN KAYUTANGAN HERITAGE VILLAGE, MALANG CITY

Kayutangan Heritage Village is a tourism village that presents the authenticity of the village with all the historical relics in the form of buildings with Dutch colonial pattern, culinary, and socio-cultural people in it that become an attraction to be visited and enjoyed so as to bring up memories of the past. Kayutangan Heritage Village is managed and developed independently by The Tourism Conscious Group (Pokdarwis). This study aims to know, describe and analyze the Development of Tourism Villages through a Community Based Tourism (CBT) Approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Sampling techniques used are purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results of this study show that Kayutangan Heritage Village has fulfilled all dimensions of CBT development, namely economic dimension, social dimension, cultural dimension, environmental dimension and political dimension as has been conveyed through the theory of CBT development dimension by Suansri quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142). However, the implementation of the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village through CBT has not been optimal, because there are some things that are still not considered in the economic and environmental dimensions.


A. INTRODUCTION
Currently, the government is promoting tourism development, while placing the tourism sector as a leading sector with the aim of boosting economic growth and realizing the welfare of the people. In addition, the tourism sector also has an important role as one of the sources of foreign exchange receipts of the country. Kriswibowo (2018) argues that tourism is one of the new style industries that is able to provide rapid economic growth in terms of employment opportunities, income, standard of living and activating other production sectors within the tourist receiving country. Tourism is seen as a complex sector consisting of industries, such as handicraft industry, restaurants, lodging and transportation. Tourism activities will expand employment both from infrastructure development, as well as from various business sectors related to tourism directly or indirectly.
Since regional autonomy applies in Indonesia, each region has the authority to take care of its own regional affairs. Tourism is one of the affairs of the constituent government as an optional matter in Law No. 23 of 2014 on Local Government. Tourism development is one of the flagship programs in regional development, so the Local Government has a responsibility to explore all potential resources owned by the region in order to support tourism development. Tourism development also requires active involvement of local communities, the community should be placed as a subject as well as an object in the development of tourism. In this case, Sunaryo (2013:218) explained that to realize the development of tourism goes well then the most basic thing to do is how to facilitate the wide involvement of local communities in the process of tourism development.
One approach in tourism development is Community Based Tourism (CBT), this approach emerged as an alternative current of mainstream tourism development. Kriska, Andiani, & Simbolon (2019) explained that CBT is a tourism concept that provides a full opportunity for local communities to control and engage in all activities so as to create sustainable tourism development. Ziwista (2016) argues that community-based tourism is developed based on the principle of balance and harmony between the interests of various tourism development stakeholders including the government, private sector and society. Thus, CBT can be understood as a tourism development approach that emphasizes the role of the community as the main actor in the management of tourism, while the role of government and private sector is no longer the main actor, but only as a facilitator for the community to manage and develop tourism in a sustainable manner.
Suansri as quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142) explained that Community Based Tourism (CBT) development should include 5 dimensions of development which are the main aspects of tourism development, namely: (1) Economic dimension, namely the existence of funds for community development, the creation of jobs in the tourism sector, the development of local income from the tourism sector; (2) The social dimension, namely the improvement of quality of life, increased community pride, fair division of gender roles between men and women, young and old generations, and strengthening community organization; (3) The cultural dimension, which is in the form of encouraging people to respect different cultural values, helping the development of cultural exchanges, the development of cultural values that are closely inherent in local culture; (4) Environmental dimension, namely the maintenance of environmental support capacity, the existence of a good waste management system, increased concern for the need for conservation and preservation of the environment; (5) The political dimension shall be in the form of increasing participation of the local population, increasing the power of the wider community, and the guarantee of the rights of indigenous peoples in the management of resources.
Since the beginning of 2020, the tourism sector in Indonesia is being shaken by the Covid-19 pandemic which is designated as a non-natural disaster. The massive spread of Covid-19 has had a negative impact on the tourism sector, many tourist destinations have had to be closed to prevent the spread of the virus. When compared to previous years, in 2020 the number of tourists decreased, both Indonesian and foreign tourists. The decrease in the number of tourists has an impact on every region in Indonesia, not least Malang. This can be proven by the table issued by the Youth, Sports, and Tourism Office of Malang City. Based on the data above, it can be known that in 2020, the number of Indonesian and foreign tourists began to decline. When compared to the previous two years, namely 2018 and 2019 where every year the number of Indonesian and foreign tourists always increases. Meanwhile, in 2021, the number of Indonesian and foreign tourists also decreased compared to 2020.
Malang city is a potential tourist area in East Java Province. In this case, the Malang City Government seeks to develop tourism potential in Malang city and make policies related to tourism as stated in Malang City Regulation No. 11 of 2010 on Tourism Implementation. The Government of Malang places the tourism sector as an important sector in the receipt of Regional Native Income (PAD) and regional economic improvement. Malang city has a variety of tourism types, one of which is heritage tourism. Heritage tourism is a trip that is packed with visiting places that are considered to have an important history for an area or city that can be a tourist attraction (Kartika, Khoirul Fajri, & Robi'al Kharimah, 2017). One of the famous heritage tourism in Malang is Kayutangan Heritage Village.
Kayutangan Kayutangan has been designated as the Heritage Capital of Malang Raya by the Malang City Government. The existence of Heritage Village in Kayutangan further strengthens Kayutangan's position as the Capital of Malang Heritage. In addition, Kayutangan Heritage Village is also one part of the Malang City Government mega project, namely "Kayutangan Heritage" and Kayutangan Heritage Village as the main attraction. Kayutangan Heritage Village presents the authenticity of the village with all the historical relics in the form of buildings with Dutch colonial pattern, culinary, and socio-cultural people in it that become an attraction to be visited and enjoyed so as to evoke memories of the past. Kayutangan Heritage Village raises the theme of preserving the culture and heritage of ancestors so that there is a historical side that can be shared with tourists, but if reported from Jawapos.com there are still many residents who do not know the details of history in Kayutangan Heritage Village.
Kayutangan  (2021) Based on the data above, it can be known that in 2019, the number of tourists increased significantly compared to 2018. But by 2020, the number of tourists will drop dramatically. In mid-March 2020, Pokdarwis decided to temporarily close Kayutangan Heritage Village, with the aim of preventing the spread of the virus in this village. The closure of this tourist village caused a decrease in the number of tourists, thus impacting the village's cash income and the economy of the citizens. In carrying out sustainable development in order to restore and prepare Kayutangan Heritage Village in order to be in demand and attract tourists to visit again, of course this requires better development and management than ever before.
One of the efforts that can be done is by analyzing and identifying more deeply about how the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village through Community Based Tourism (CBT) approach is done to develop and face tourism challenges. The research on Community Based Tourism (CBT) in Kayutangan Heritage Village itself has never been done before. Given that the development of tourism trends today tends to lead to the application of Community Based Tourism (CBT), it becomes interesting to review one of the tourism villages that has implemented the concept of CBT, namely Kayutangan Heritage Village. Therefore, the research question in this study is how to develop tourism villages through a Community Based Tourism (CBT) approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang? This study aims to know, describe and analyze the Development of Tourism Villages through a Community Based Tourism (CBT) Approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW a. Public Policy
In general, public policy is understood as one of the actions or efforts of the government in order to carry out its duties and responsibilities, in the form of arrangements or decisions. Woll as quoted by Taufiqurokhman (2014:4) explained that public policy is a number of government activities to solve problems in the community, either directly or through various institutions that affect people's lives. Meanwhile, Dye (1992) as quoted by Anggara (2014:35) defines that public policy is everything that is done or not done by the government, the reason a policy must be done and the benefits for shared life must be a holistic consideration so that the policy contains great benefits for its citizens and does not cause harm, this is where the government must be wise in setting a policy. Easton as quoted by Anggara (2014:35) considers that "Public policy is the authoritative allocation of values for the whole society", meaning that public policy is the legitimate allocation of values to all members of society. Based on some experts' views, it can be understood that public policy is a number of actions taken by the government to solve problems that occur in public life. Public policy is created for the common good and allocated to the whole community.

b. Tourism
Law No. 10 of 2009 on Tourism defines tourism as a variety of tourist activities and supported by various facilities and services provided by the community, entrepreneurs, central government and local government. Yoeti (1997) as quoted by Amalyah, Hamid, & Hakim (2016) defines tourism as a trip made for a while, from one place to another, with the intention of not trying or making a living in the places he visited, but solely as consumers enjoying the trip to fulfill various desires. In accordance with this definition, Meyers (2009) as quoted by Suwena & Widyatmaja (2017:17) defines tourism as a travel activity that is done temporarily from its original residence to the destination on the grounds not to settle or make a living but just to have fun, satisfy curiosity, spend leisure or time off and other destinations. Based on the explanation of the definition of tourism above, it can be concluded that tourism is a journey made by a person or a group from one place to another for a while with the aim of fulfilling various desires. The tourism sector will bring benefits and benefits if managed and developed well and sustainable by tourism actors, namely the public, government, and private sector. Synergy between tourism actors is indispensable in the management and development of tourism.

c. Tourism Development
Pitana (2005:56) as quoted by Jaya (2020) defines that tourism development is an activity to advance a place or area that is considered to be organized in such a way either by nurturing the developed or creating a new one. So that tourism development is a series of efforts to realize cohesion in the use of various tourism resources integrating all aspects outside tourism that are directly related to the continuity of tourism development. Sutawa as quoted by Irhamna (2017) considers that the development of tourism in Indonesia aims to reduce poverty, preserve nature, environment and resources, develop culture, improve the nation's image, and strengthen relations with other countries. Meanwhile, Febrina, Suharyono, & Endang (2017) argues that tourism development contributes in opening new jobs, encouraging local economic activities through the development of local products. Based on some of the explanations above, it can be concluded that the development of tourism is important, because the development of tourism in an area will bring many benefits, both economically, socially and culturally.

d. Tourism Village
In general, tourist villages are synonymous with the idea of tourist villages. Although not in the true sense, typical villages in the middle of the city have the same tourist nuances, namely there are aspects of culture, peculiarities or uniqueness, and the appeal of local people's lives. Nuryanti as quoted by Sari & Widyastuti (2020) defines the tourism village as a merger of integration between attractions, accommodation, and supporting facilities presented in a structure of community life that blends with existing ordinances and traditions. In accordance with this definition, Noviyanti, Aly, & Fiatiano (2018) defines that the tourism village is a merger between attractions, accommodation and accessibility presented in a structure of community life that blends with the conditions of the local community. Based on some of the definitions above, it can be concluded that the tourist village is a tourist attraction that places the culture and social life of local people as a unique and distinctive tourist attraction.

e. Community Based Tourism (CBT)
Community Based Tourism (CBT) is one of the approaches in tourism development. CBT is one of the important and critical ideas, because the development of conventional tourism (growth oriented model) often gets a lot of criticism for ignoring rights and marginalizing local people from tourism activities in a tourist destination. Barusman, Putra, Miniawati, & Putri (2020) defines CBT as a form of tourism that provides opportunities to local communities to control and engage in the management and development of tourism. In line with this definition, Kriska et al. (2019) considers that CBT is a tourism concept that provides a full opportunity for local communities to control and engage in all activities so as to create sustainable tourism development. Sunaryo (2013:140) explained that in principle, CBT is in need of active community participation ranging from planning, organizing, controlling to utilization of the results of the existing tourism industry. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that CBT is a form of tourism that puts local people as the main actors involved in tourism management, so as to create sustainable tourism development.
Suansri as quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142) explained that Community Based Tourism (CBT) development should include 5 dimensions of development which are the main aspects of tourism development, namely: (1) Economic dimension, namely the existence of funds for community development, the creation of jobs in the tourism sector, the development of local income from the tourism sector; (2) The social dimension, namely the improvement of quality of life, increased community pride, fair division of gender roles between men and women, young and old generations, and strengthening community organization; (3) The cultural dimension, which is in the form of encouraging people to respect different cultural values, helping the development of cultural exchanges, the development of cultural values that are closely inherent in local culture; (4) Environmental dimension, namely the maintenance of environmental support capacity, the existence of a good waste management system, increased concern for the need for conservation and preservation of the environment; (5) The political dimension shall be in the form of increasing participation of the local population, increasing the power of the wider community, and the guarantee of the rights of indigenous peoples in the management of resources.

C. METHOD
Based on the purpose of this research is to know, describe, and analyze the development of tourism villages through the approach of Community Based Tourism (CBT) in Kayutangan Heritage Village, the research method used is qualitative method with descriptive approach. This study uses descriptive qualitative research method because the object studied is a dynamic environmental and social situation or phenomenon and is not a definite or consistent condition, namely the development of tourism villages through the Community Based Tourism (CBT) approach in Kayutangan Heritage Village. The data collection techniques used in this study are interviews, observations, and documentation.
In qualitative research sampling techniques are often used is purposive sampling and snowball sampling (Sugiyono, 2020:95). Informants in this study were chosen based on purposive sampling, which is a data source sampling technique with certain considerations such as choosing samples that have a lot of knowledge and information about this study or that have a close relationship so that it will facilitate researchers in conducting data retrieval. Then the researchers will also use snowball sampling which is a sampling technique, which initially amounts to a little later becomes large which means, if the researcher does not find the expected results at the first data source then the researcher will look for data on other samples that if you understand and understand about this study. The key informant in this study was the Head of Pokdarwis Kayutangan Heritage Village. In order to triangulate the data or to find the truth of the data, then the informant is further discovered through snowball sampling techniques.
The next informant in this study is Lurah Kauman, as the owner of the administration area of Kayutangan Heritage Village who can provide information about how to develop Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang City. Researchers also chose the Head of Tourism Attraction Development Section of the Youth, Sports and Tourism Office of Malang as an informant who can provide information about how to develop Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang City. Furthermore, researchers also chose the local community of Kayutangan Heritage Village who can provide information about how the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village, as well as tourists who have visited or who will visit Kayutangan Heritage Village who can provide information about tourist activities and conditions during a visit to Kayutangan Heritage Village, Malang City. The data obtained from this study was further analyzed using data analysis techniques by Miles & Huberman (2014:31-33) consisting of 4 (four) stages, namely data collection, data condensation, data display and conclusions drawing/verifying. Village, there is the absorption of local human resources, so that the local community is empowered economically through work and business in the tourism sector so as to reduce the number of unemployed. Tourism activities in Kayutangan Heritage Village provide great job opportunities and businesses for the local community. People who can capture these opportunities will get income and benefits for themselves. The jobs created after the existence of this tourist village are ticket guards, guides, food and beverage sellers, craftsmen, and souvenir makers. c. Increasing income of local people from the tourism sector With tourism activities in Kayutangan Heritage Village, it can create jobs for the local community. After becoming a tourist village, the income of the local community increased. However, this is only felt by the local community who are able to seize opportunities, so that in this case the community will earn income and profit from the tourism sector. Community income is obtained from operational costs through the wage system as well as percentage sharing in accordance with the agreement on the distribution of tourism village revenues. While the people who own the business, will earn income from sales profit.

Social Dimensions
In the social dimension, there are several indicators that are; a. Increasing the quality of life of the community (community awareness, mindset and community insight, capacity of local human resources) Since becoming a tourist village, the people of Kayutangan Heritage Village are increasingly aware of tourism. Local people are beginning to understand how to be a good host in supporting tourism activities in Kayutangan Heritage Village. The community is also aware to keep the environment clean. People's mindset becomes more open and insights are broader because of the experience of interacting with tourists who visit. The ability to interact and speak foreign languages is increasing, and the capacity of local human resources in Kayutangan Heritage Village in the implementation of tourism services is increasing. b. Increased community pride The local community become very proud of the village, because Kayutangan Heritage Village becomes a known tourist village and is visited by many tourists, both indonesian and foreign tourists. However, although Kayutangan Heritage Village is well known to many people, Pokdarwis and the local community continue to promote tourism through social media and participate in tourism events organized both from the Malang City Government and from other parties. The local community is also proud that Kayutangan Heritage Village is one part of the Malang City Government's mega project, "Malang Heritage". Kayutangan Heritage Village has also been the location of several film shooting locations, one of which is a film titled "Yowis Ben 3", this makes the local community become very proud of their village. c. Fair division of gender roles in society, between men and women, young and old generations in tourism village management and development activities In the management and development activities of Kayutangan Heritage Village, the role of women, especially the older generation, is more active and prominent than the role of men and young people in this tourism village. This can be proven from every activity of management and development of this tourism village, most of which play an active role and become mobilizers are mothers. d. Strengthen community organizations To strengthen Pokdarwis' position as a developer and manager of tourism villages, Pokdarwis builds and establishes good relations with regional stakeholders, such as RT, RW and Lurah. Although Pokdarwis is the manager of the tourism village, the involvement of RT and RW is also needed in mobilizing the community in the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village. In organizing tourism activities in Kayutangan Heritage Village there is a process of cultural exchange between local people and tourists as part of the learning process in tourism. The interaction of tourists with the community of Kayutangan Heritage Village will increase tolerance to cultural differences. c. The development of cultural values that are closely attached to the local culture As a heritage tour, of course there is a cultural and historical side that can be highlighted. Cultural and historical value is the attraction of heritage tourism. At first, most of the local people did not know the history in their own village, but after being given understanding and knowledge, the community began to know the history that became part of Kayutangan Heritage Village. The local community must maintain and preserve the existing culture and history, so that the development is carried out in line and attached to the culture and history in Kayutangan Heritage Village.

Environmental Dimensions
In the environmental dimension, there are several indicators that are; a. Maintained environmental support capacity With tourism activities in Kayutangan Heritage Village does not disturb the environment. The local community is increasingly aware of its responsibility to maintain and preserve the environment of Kayutangan Heritage Village. Pokdarwis also urged the community to maintain the cleanliness of the Kayutangan Heritage Village environment. Environmental conditions are increasingly organized and clean after Kayutangan Heritage Village was inaugurated into a tourist village. The village that was once a slum is now a tourist attraction because the local community always tries to maintain the environmental condition of Kayutangan Heritage Village with the activities of devotional work. b. The existence of a good waste management system The waste management system in Kayutangan Heritage Village does not run or stop. Previously, in Kayutangan Heritage Village there was a waste management system in the form of a waste bank, but now the waste bank has vacuumed and stopped. c. Increased concern about the need for conservation and preservation of the environment After becoming a tourist village, the understanding of the local community is increasing to maintain the cleanliness and beauty of the environment of Kayutangan Heritage Village. Pokdarwis and the local community try to maintain the condition by always maintaining the cleanliness of the village environment.

Political Dimension
In the political dimension, there are several indicators that are; a. Increase participation from local residents Local communities participated and were involved since the beginning of the pioneering, management, and development of Kayutangan Heritage Village. The management of Kayutangan Heritage Village is done independently and independently by Pokdarwis who are part of the local community. Efforts made to increase community participation is to invite the community in every tourism village development activities, such as attending tourism events, regular meetings and accommodating and receiving advice or input from the surrounding community related to the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village. b. Increased power of the wider community The ownership status of Kayutangan Heritage Village is entirely owned by the local community. Kayutangan Heritage Village is a community-based tourism village. Kayutangan Heritage Village does not stand on government or private land. Kayutangan Heritage Village is a tourism village that is managed and developed independently by Pokdarwis and the community, so that the government and private sector are not the main actors in tourism development, but only as facilitators. c. Guarantee of the rights of local people in the management and development of tourism resources The community is placed as a subject and object in the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village. The local community is part of the management of Pokdarwis Kayutangan Heritage Village. The community also has their own role in the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village in the form of tour guide groups, catering and souvenir groups, and arts groups.

E. CONCLUTION
The results showed that Kayutangan Heritage Village has implemented a Community Based Tourism (CBT) approach in its management and development. In this case, Kayutangan Heritage Village is a tourism village that is managed and developed independently by the local community through Pokdarwis Kayutangan Heritage Village. With the inauguration of Kayutangan Heritage Village as a heritage tourist attraction in Malang, local people feel a positive change and impact on their lives. Kampung Heritage has fulfilled all dimensions of CBT development, namely economic dimension, social dimension, cultural dimension, environmental dimension and political dimension as conveyed through the theory of CBT development dimension by Suansri quoted by Sunaryo (2013:142). Although the development of Kayutangan Heritage Village has applied cbt approach both on the economic, social, cultural, environmental, and political dimensions, but in its implementation has not been optimal, because it is found some things that are still not noticed in the development of CBT economic dimension, namely the absence of a clear distribution of development funding posts. While in the environmental dimension, namely the waste management system in Kayutangan Heritage Village does not run or stop.