ROY EBERHARDT’S ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN CARL HIAASEN'S HOOT

. This study aims to describe the main character’s attitude to nature and its influencesono his environmental stewardship in Carl Hiaasen’s novel Hoot. Deep Ecology theory by Bill Devall and George Sessions is applied in this study in studying the attitude of Roy Eberhardt to his environment and how it affects his environmental stewardship. This study used qualitative research as a method to analyze the data. The data of this study are Roy Eberhardt’s utterances, behavior, actio,n and author’s narration in the novel. There are some conclusions based on the study; 1) Roy attitude’s toward nature are active and positive. It causes Roy to feel responsiblforto the preservation the of environment around him like how he tries to save the owls. 2) Roy’s attitude that thought any creatures have the same right to life makes him to take non-violence action tve the nature. The attitude influences Roy to take peaceful actions to stop the owls’ nest destroyed by the industry.


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, environmental issues become more severe in this world. The environment is affected by the rapid development of humans and technology as a consequence of development. Natural resources are exploited by humans as fuel for the progress of civilization. This exploitation causes many environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, loss of endangered species ,and resource depletion to satisfy human needs. For example, endangered species in America are exposed to extinction because the laws for federal and non-federal entities are regulated different to protect the species (Eichenwald et al., 2020, p. 439). Another instance is the decreasing of habitat of Swayne's Hartebeest and the population because human involvement and illegal hunting (Shibru et al., 2020, p. 2).
Those examples showed how human beings does not care about nature. Human have to change their attitude toward nature to stop the destruction of nature as human also live inside the ecosystem. Thus, human need to do environmental stewardship to care and create harmony in nature. The issue of doing environmental stewardship is not only exist in real world but also in literary work. Bertens said that insights about human nature and condition is provided in literature (Bertens, 2007, p. 22). Therefore, literature is the right place to learn about the issue that involved human.
One of literary work which depicts environmental issue is a novel written by Carl Hiaasen entitled Hoot. Through his works, Hiaasen in the interview explained that he gives the reader a powerful message about nature through his humor and satire as he is dissatisfied with the place that he grew up has changed (Random House Kid, 2014). Thus, this is the reason that moved him to write young adult novel with issues about nature started with novel Hoot. The novel tells about Roy's adventure to protect and preserve the habitat and the life of endangered Hoot owl species. His act to steward from nature is based on his closeness attitude and view toward nature that he felt since he is in Montana.
"Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment" is what Glotfelty explain in her book (Glotfelty, 1996, p. xviii). Thus, it can be said from the definition that nature issues in the real world are connected with literature as it presented the issues in form of literary texts. There are many concepts that tells the connection between human concept and non-human concept. One of those concepts is deep ecology. Deep ecology is a branch of ecocriticism that state human have to be in harmony with nature. It is consistent with Sessions & Devall explanation about deep ecology that study our place in earth also includes the exploration of ourselves as part of the biotic system (Sessions & Devall, 1985, p. 66). The application of deep ecology will lead human to do enviromental stewardship. The example of deep ecology application is the deed of Afroz Shah that starting his mission to clear plastic garbage from the Versova Beach, India because the garbages are problem for all beings (Toner, 2019). There are three concepts in deep ecology to decide either human already in harmony with nature or not. Those concepts are self-realization, biocentric equality and ecological resisting.
Self-Realization is a concept in deep ecology that explore one "self" in broadest sense. Sessions & Devall explain that self-realization as realize "Self' that stands for organic wholeness (Sessions & Devall, 1985, p. 67). This explanation shows how important realize "self" to understand nature as a whole. In order to realize "self" in deep ecology, it is not only restricted to understand "self" as narrow individual self but realize "self" as a whole ecosystem. When self-realization is achieved, man will feel equal and united with other entities. Man will preserve nature as "one" self.
Biocentric Equality is the concept that explain the other entities have the same right as human. Biocentric Equality refuses anthropocentrism view as it sees human as an equal with other organisms. Sessions & Devall said that Biocentric Equality as closely related to the Self-realization in sense if human harm the nature then human are harming theirselves (Sessions & Devall, 1985, p. 68). It means human beings are interconnected with all organism. It means all beings have their worth. For example, Newitz (2016) explained that Corvid bird in Poland like Crows and Rooks help reforest old agricultural fields with black walnut trees in span of fifty year. The example shows how the other species also have worth like human. So, people need to respect the other entities as they have their own right and not put their hand into them than what they need.
Ecological Resisting is a direct action that someone do because what deep ecology teaching said to do (Sessions & Devall, 1985, p. 194). This explanation describe how deep ecology teaching like Self-Realization and Biocentric Equality have an impact to influence someone action. The action that need to be taken to protect the other organisms can be varied. However, Ecological Resisting presents important characteristic when someone do the action to preserve the nature. They need to do nonviolence action in their cause. The action of non-violence is used in Ecological Resisting because it will heighten the importance of action to protect nature.
There are two studies which used deep ecology analysis that have been done by previous researchers such as Mustafa Eray Eren (2019), Amiril Bachtiar (2019), and the article using same literary works, Hoot using environmental psychology that was conducted by Song (2014). Those studies are the basic previous studies used for this study.
The first study is master thesis of Mustafa Eray Eren (2019) entitled "American Radical Environmental Fiction: Deep Ecology And Eco-Defense In Edward Abbey's The Monkey Wrench Gang, Paul Chadwick's Concrete: Think Like A Mountain, And T.C. Boyle's A Friend Of The Earth" where it describes how the writers of The Monkey Wrench Gang, Concrete: Think like a Mountain, and A Friend of the Earth present how their radical environmentalist characters who possess an ecocentric worldview protect the natural world which leads to an ecological self by using deep ecology theory.
The second study is from Amiril Bachtiar (2019) entitled "An Ecocritical Analysis Of Nature Condition And Environmental Stewardship In J.R.R Tolkien's The Hobbit" from Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya tells about nature condition and how the role of characters in the novel The Hobbit to steward the nature by using deep ecology as one of ecocriticism concept.
The last one is an article from International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Economics Jan. 1-2, 2014 Bangkok (Thailand) with the title "Ecology Destruction: Hoot of Environmental Psychology" by Hyunhee Song (Song, 2014). It explains about ecology destruction of owl hoot habitat in the Hoot novel by method of environmental psychology and compare the result with the reality of burrowing owl situation in the real world.
The previous studies on deep ecology theory and Hoot novel caused this study to take deep ecology analysis to be applied to Hoot novel written by Carl Hiaasen. The main character, Roy Eberhardt, action to protect and preserve the habitat of the endangered Hoot owl species is analyzed by deep ecology to know his closeness attitude and view toward nature that he felt since he is in Montana. It is to decide either Roy has positive or negative attitude to nature according to principle of Deep ecology concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the main character's, Roy Eberhardt, attitude and his action toward nature using deep ecology.

METHOD
This study used a qualitative research. The qualitative research were suitable as an approach in this study because it strength to explain the data of this study. Yin (2011) described that the main strength of qualitative research is the attention to what can be learned from the evidence and data (p. 261). This point matched with the data that was analyzed in this study. The writer in this study tried to find and interpret the attitude of Roy Eberhardt toward nature in the novel as it influences the Roy Eberhardt steward nature. Roy Eberhardt's utterances, behavior, action and author's narration were the data used in this study. The source of data for this study is Hoot novel. Furthermore, using Deep Ecology that is proposed by Devall and Sessions, the writer described the research questions. The data was analysed in some steps. The writer was reading Hoot by Carl Hiaasen and repeated it for many times to understand the data. Then, the writer classified the data to matches with the research question. Last, the writer made the collected data in new description text and drawing the conclusion from the interpretation of description text to answer the research questions.

A. Roy Eberhardt's Attitude Toward Nature and Influences of His Action to Protect Nature in Novel Hoot
There are some data about Roy Eberhardt's attitude toward nature and how it influences his action to protect nature in novel Hoot. The data are interrelated with first and second research question in this study. Roy's attitude toward nature can be seen by many things in the novel. His knowledge, connectedness, recognition about nature shows what kind of attitude Roy hold toward nature. Those things also explain the connection with Roy's responsibility and what kind of action Roy's take in order to protect nature. Those points about Roy create his attitude toward nature and his environmental stewardship.

a. Knowledge
This point describes several of Roy's knowledge that are shown by him in the novel. Knowledge is important to decide an attitude that someone has to an object or a thing. Someone's attitude is influenced by how much amount of knowlege that person have toward the object. This also happen to Roy. In the novel, Roy is described as a person that have an extensive amount of knowledge about nature. One example of Roy's knowledge about nature is about Snake.
"Snakes-and not just any old snakes. They had broad triangular heads, like the prairie rattlers back in Montana, but their bodies were muckcolored and ominously plump. Roy recognized the snakes as cottonmouth moccasins, highly poisonous. They carried no rattles to warn in advance of a strike, but Roy saw that the tips of their stubby tails had been dipped in blue and silver sparkles, the kind used in art projects. It was a most peculiar touch." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 51) It can be seen implicitly what attitude Roy had when he dealt the cottonmouth snakes. Roy knew that the snake he encountered is poisonous from the traits of snakes. Thus, he makes a decision to retreat slowly to not alarm the snakes. When he saw the snake loitering under his feet, Roy understands that he has to be calm to not startle the snakes. It is because the snakes will bite Roy if he makes a sudden move. From this explanation, it can be interpreted that Roy has wide knowledge about nature because he likes all of things in nature. This is confirmed from how he can spot the poisonous snakes and how to handle them. Roy realizes that to be close with nature, he has to pay special attention and thoughtful to treat nature as it looks friendly yet wild at the same time.
All of Roy's knowledge about nature can be traced back when he lived in his previous hometown, Montana. In Montana, Roy really likes to explore forest and mountain to satisfy his curiosity and enjoy the beautifulness of nature. He likes to see and appreciate the flora and fauna in nature. It can be seen when he encounter a bear and her cubs in mountain's forest.
"As it turned out, Roy was too quiet. He walked into a clearing and found himself facing a large grizzly bear with two cubs. It was impossible to say who was more startled. Roy had always wanted to see a grizzly in the wild, but his buddies at school told him to dream on. Maybe in Yellowstone Park, they said, but not up here. Most grownups spent their whole lives out West without ever laying eyes on one. Yet there was Roy, and a hundred feet across the glade were three serious bears-snorting, huffing, rising on their hind legs to scope him out." (Hiaasen, 2002, pp. 52-53) In the description, Roy is happy when he encounters grizzly bears in the forest. It is one of his big wish to see bear in wild with his own eyes. At that moment, Roy wish is fulfilled. The satisfaction that Roy felt when he met the bears display that Roy is really like the nature from the bottom from his heart. In addition, Roy excitement when he encounter bear did not make him forget that bear is wild animal, hence he knows what kind of action he need to take when encounter it.
"Roy swallowed hard, but he didn't move. The mother bear rose to her full height, bared her yellow teeth, and faked a lunge toward him. Inside, Roy was quaking with terror but on the outside he remained calm and motionless. The bear studied him closely. Her changing expression suggested to Roy that she'd figured out he was too meek and puny to pose a threat. After a few tense moments, she dropped to all fours and, with a final defiant snort, lumbered off to collect her cubs." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 53) Roy knows that he must to treat nature carefully. Roy's knowledge about bear make him understand that bear will not attack him if he not provoke it. Even though he is scared because the bear, Roy understand that it will not attack him if Roy not make hostile action to the bear. It is proved when the bear left Roy alone after it confirm that Roy is not a threat. His knowledge about nature led Roy to be more understanding about nature and know what attitude that he needs to take to treat nature.

b. Connectedness
In this point, Roy's attitude is shown by how he senses and view the nature. It can be inferred from numerous instances from the novel how he is connected with nature, a place that he feels belong to. Since beginning, Roy already displays his closeness with nature. It can be seen from the extensive knowledge he has about nature. This knowledge affects his way of thinking and decision. He thinks that a natural place is better than a man-made place. This way of thinking cannot be separated from his knowledge and connection about nature that he built. Since he lived in Montana, He feels that place as nature.
All of time that Roy spends with nature in Montana made Roy closer to nature. His feeling of like to nature is genuine. Roy's feeling builds up because Montana offers many sights to behold about nature. This views still same even he is not live in Montana.
"Of all the places the Eberhardts had lived, Roy's favorite was Bozeman, Montana. The snaggle-peaked mountains, the braided green rivers, the sky so blue it seemed like a painting-Roy had never imagined anywhere so beautiful. The Eberhardts stayed two years, seven months, and eleven days; Roy wanted to stay forever." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 17) Roy flashback about Montana shows how high he regards it as place of nature. he can describe vividly the incredible of nature in there. He even wished in his flashback that he could live in Montana forever. This thought in his flashback is caused because his feeling inseparable toward nature. The attachment of him toward nature make him consider Montana as place of nature.
Roy yearning to go back to Montana where he can appreciate the nature is big. This situation happened because Roy cannot deal with the sudden change of environment. Roy thought that nature is like what he had seen in Montana. However, Roy noticed that his life will be interesting when he spotted a running barefoot kid. This kid with eccentric yet natural barefoot appearence, that later is known as Mullet Finger, evokes Roy how to feel close again with nature. Roy encounters with Mullet Fingers made him very happy as he knows there is someone as fellow being that close and relate with nature. Even though he is not acquainted with him at the first meeting, he still intends to meet again and get familiar with Mullet Fingers.
At the first time, Roy thought that Florida will never be able to show him nature like Montana. This is caused by his initial impression to the man-made scenery in Florida. Contrarily, His exploration and encounter with Mullet Fingers in nature make him realize that he can find himself among nature in Florida. This understanding led Roy to accept himself to adpat with the environment of Florida.
"In Montana, ospreys lived in the cottonwoods all along the big rivers, where they dived on trout and whitefish. Roy had been pleasantly surprised to find that Florida had ospreys, too. It was remarkable that the same species of bird was able to thrive in two places so far apart, and so completely different. If they can do it, Roy thought, maybe I can, too." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 93) Roy's observation in the environment around gives a guidance for him. The food chains process between ospreys and mullet he saw reflect that nature can be found around him all this time. No matter what place he lived, he always can find nature around him. He learns from the interaction in nature that he needs to make himself become a part of the environment where he live in. This is also the moment Roy realize that he could reconnected with nature in whatever place he lives in. Roy already feels oneness with nature network in Florida.
The process of Roy assimilation in the community where he live starts smoothly. Now, Roy already befriends Mullet Fingers and Beatrice Leep. The relationship that he builds with Mullet Fingers and Beatrice Leep make him happy. Roy feels content with the situation he lives in now. Also, When Mullet Fingers showed Roy what the actual reason, he did his actions in nature boarden Roy view about nature in Florida.
"Wow," Roy said, under his breath. There, standing by the hole and peering curiously at one of the meatballs, was the smallest owl that he had ever seen. Mullet Fingers chucked him gently on the shoulder. "Okay-now do you get it?" "Yeah," said Roy. "I get it."" (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 124) The appearance of small owls in the Mother Paula's pancake house construction site that Mullet Finger showed to Roy make him understand about the plight of the owls. The owls cannot protect themselves from the pancake house construction that will be built above their underground nests. It is the reason why Mullet Fingers tries to mess around the construction site like put gators in mobile toilet to prevent it to destroy the nests. The situation that Roy saw also bring him to an awareness that there is something in the environment of Florida that need to be protected.

c. Recognition
After the previous point describes Roy is adapted to Florida's environment and felt connected with the nature, the following data will show the stance Roy had to his ecosphere in Florida. This point explains how Roy recognize or view the nature around him in Florida. The recognition here means what Roy's perspective had to nature, either it is positive, neutral, or negative. The recognition Roy had in the novel to the creatures around his environment makes clear his attitude toward nature. Roy has positive attitude toward nature. It can be found when he states his unwillingness to harm animals. "Hey, I don't want any part of this. Not if he's going to hurt those dogs." "What are you talking about?" "That's why he wanted the meat, right?" Roy thought he'd figured it out. He thought the kid meant to take revenge on the dogs by spiking the hamburger with something harmful, maybe even poisonous." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 119) This quotation shows how Roy did want to hurt the dogs when he followed Beatrice to meet Mullet Fingers. His assumption about the situation at that moment is incorrect, but not with his care feeling. At that time, he still not adapts with Florida's environment, he wanted to socialize with other people. However, he did not wish to hurt any animals even though he wanted to socialize with other people. This shows his positive attitude to nature that he is mindful for the live other creatures.
This caring attitude becomes more solid when he get used to live in the neighborhood community. Roy relationship among his friends becomes intimate. It is also applied to his neighborhood. He gradually finds himself accostumed with his neighborhood. In addition, His friend Mullet Fingers brought him close to nature in Florida. He showed Roy the habitat of burrowing owls that is close by his neighborhood. Furthermore, Mullet Fingers told Roy that the animals is under threat of Mother Paula's pancake house construction. The speech of Mullet Fingers stimulates Roy to do something for the owls.
The caring attitude of Roy toward the existence of burrowing owl still goes on with helping Mullet Fingers doing his action to stop the construction. However, Roy is found out by his parent when he helped Mullet Fingers's action. When he is scolded by his parents, he is still consistent with his stance to protect the owls "Dad, he's really not a bad kid," Roy said when he finished. "All he's trying to do is save the owls." Mr. Eberhardt remained silent for a few moments. He reopened the Sibley Guide and looked at the color drawings of the small birds. "See, if the Mother Paula's people bulldoze that property, they'll bury all the dens," Roy said." (Hiaasen, 2002, pp. 155-156) Roy told his father that what Mullet Fingers did is not wrong. He thinks that the owls need to be protected as they cannot fight back the construction that will destroy their nests. The thought of Roy about the owls confirms that Roy thinks the owls like human. Roy considers the owls to be have equal right like human. They have the right to live and grow in their habitat. Hence, what Mother Paula's pancake house will do to the habitat of the owls is wrong for Roy. This is why Roy did not blame Mullet Fingers for what he did.
The thought of Roy about the owls has the same right like human remained in his conversation with his father. It is further confirmed that Roy valued the animals like owls comparable to human. It implicitly can be observed when Roy said his argument about the owls to his father.
"The owls will fly away. They'll find new dens somewhere else." "What if they've got babies? How will the baby birds fly away?" Roy shot back angrily. "How, Dad?" "I don't know," his father admitted. "How would you and Mom like it," Roy pressed on, "if a bunch of strangers showed up one day with bulldozers to flatten this house? And all they had to say was 'Don't worry, Mr. and Mrs. Eberhardt, it's no big deal. Just pack up and move to another place.' How would you feel about that?"" (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 156) Roy argued that what happen to the owls as if it will happen to him and his family. Roy comparison about the owls and himself indirectly indicated that Roy thinks the owls have equal position like human. He never thought the owls inferior to human that they need to be protected. Contrarily, it is because Roy thought that the owls have equal right like human that urge Roy to save the owls. The way Roy thinks about the owls expand his horizon about nature.

d. Responsibility
This point shows how Roy feels responsible toward the well-being of the creatures in the Florida's environment. The previous events involving with owls that happened to Roy makes him recognize he need doing something to protect it. It becomes an obligation for Roy to save the owls' habitat from the damage caused by the Mother Paula's pancake house construction. Roy supportive attitude toward the owls is the feeling that drive him to be responsible to the owls. It is his role as the part of ecosphere to protect the other part to keep the harmony in the harmony.
Also, Roy thought that all organisms have the same right to life without any danger like human. Those reason compels Roy in his capacity to help the poor owls. Nevertheless, Roy feels conflicted at the first time in his deed to save the owls as it is implicating his family into it. This is makes Roy doubt himself if what he did is right or wrong.
""Honey, sometimes you're going to be faced with situations where the line isn't clear between what's right and what's wrong. Your heart will tell you to do one thing, and your brain will tell you to do something different. In the end, all that's left is to look at both sides and go with your best judgment." Well, thought Roy, that's sort of what I did.................." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 160) Roy interaction with his mom imply that what he did is based on what he considers the right thing. He knows that the construction site has the permit to build Mother Paula's pancake house above the nest of the owls. It makes him do not any right to intervene the construction. However, his feeling is not agreeing with the situation. Roy's feeling tells him that he needs to do something for the owls. It caused him doing what he thinks as the right thing with helping Mullet Fingers's action that can be said violate the common law. His mother's statement is the thing that give Roy resolution to protect the owls.
Roy resolution to protect the owls also can be inferred when he talked about the owls case with Mullet Fingers. Mullet Fingers makes it clear for Roy that he needs to fight for something he considers worthy to protect.
""You crossed the line, and why? 'Cause you cared about what happened to me," he said to Roy, "just like I care about what happens to them weird little owls." "They're burrowing owls. I've been reading up on them," Roy said, "which reminds me-they probably aren't too crazy about hamburger meat. They eat mostly bugs and worms, according to the bird books." "So I'll catch 'em some bugs." The boy spoke with a touch of impatience. "Point is, it ain't right, what's happening out there. That land belonged to the owls long before it belonged to the pancake house."" (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 171) Mullet Fingers told Roy the reason why Roy's is concerned with him. It is because Roy is attentive to the community and the environment around him. As Roy adapted himself with his neighborhood, he will feel responsible about it. This what Mullet Fingers tried to convey to Roy that he is really care about nature. Although, Roy argued that the owls are wildlife creature that not need the help of human, Mullet Fingers prove to Roy that it needless for their help.
Mullet Fingers also told Roy that he already tried to help the owls. However, the attempt did not bring any fruitful result. Roy grasped the important thing from what Mullet Fingers did. He needs to do something for the owls, no matter how small or big the thing he do. It caused the concern of Roy toward the owls change into a responsibility. Roy did not feel conflicted again about the owls case. It does not matter if the construction is legal to Roy. In Roy's eyes, it is a wrong thing if the construction will destroy the habitat of owls. This can be seen from Roy's thought about the owls rescue mission.
"Yet he couldn't stop thinking ahead to the day when the owl dens would be destroyed by bulldozers. He could picture the mother owls and father owls, helplessly flying in circles while their babies were being smothered under tons of dirt. It made Roy sad and angry. So what if Mother Paula's had all the proper permits? Just because something was legal didn't automatically make it right." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 180) Roy's thought describes how his attitude toward the construction. He opposes the construction of Mother Paula's pancake house. Although the construction have the legal permit to remove the owls, he still cannot accept the owls to be removed. It is indicated by how irritated he is when thinks Mother Paula's construction can bury the owls' nest if it has a legal permit. This thought ignites his determination to defend the owls' habitat. Roy determination to stop it is apparent in his action to prevent the owls' habitat from destruction.

e. Action
In this point, Roy's environmental stewardship is described. All of actions that Roy took to save the owls is based on his belief that any creatures have equal right to life like human. This is caused the action that Roy took points to peaceful way. Roy started his action to protect the owls with a plan. His plan is to investigate the legal permit of Mother Paula's pancake house construction. He starts his action from the investigation because he does not want to take an outlaw action like Mullet Fingers. Also, He investigate the legal permit because he found that someone need special document to move out the burrowing owls as they are protected animal. As Roy knows that the construction has the permit or not to bulldoze the owls, he can decide what action he will take next when the plan is completed.
However, Roy found a shocking truth from his investigation. The special construction permit of Mother Paula's pancake house construction is missing when he verified it in Coconut Cove City Hall.
""Hmm. That file's not here," the clerk said, carefully tidying the tall pile. "What do you mean?" Roy asked. "The folder with all the permits and inspection notices-it's been checked out, I guess." "By who?" "I'll have to talk to my supervisor," the clerk said, "and she's already left for the day. The office closes at four-thirty, and it's already, let's see, four-twenty-seven."" (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 224) The discovery makes Roy happy. He knows that if this evidence is exposed, the construction activity will be stopped. Then, he can prevent the construction from destroying the habitat of the owls. He needs more evidences to confirm his speculation. Therefore, Roy went to the construction site to verify his discovery. When Roy went to the construction site, he run into the foreman of the construction. From his argument with the foreman, Roy verified his discovery is valid. The truth is displayed implicitly by the foreman. The dishonesty that is shown by the foreman proves his discovery is legit. The construction team is guilty for the missing permit of construction. Thus, what Roy need to do now is to expose the wrongdoing of the Mother Paula's construction.
Roy carried on his next action to save the owls. His next action is to convince his classmates and teacher about the owls case. He needs them to join his cause to defend the owls. Roy tried to convince them through information and education. Roy informed his classmates and his teacher about the existence of owls in the land that will be built pancake house by Mother Paula's construction team. This thing Roy did to attract empathy from his classmate and teacher. It is done by Roy as he wanted them to willingly defend the owls because their will. Thus, they will feel responsible to the living being of the owls. The little push that Roy did in the classroom is told the wrongdoing of the construction of Mother Paula. company have to say about this? I'm sure they got the proper permission-" "The file is missing," Roy cut in, "and the foreman tried to tell me there weren't any owls on the property, not a single one. Which is a lie." The class started buzzing again. "So tomorrow at lunch," Roy continued, "I'm going out there to… well, just because I want the Mother Paula's people to know that somebody in Coconut Cove cares about those birds."" (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 247) As Roy exposed the wrongdoing of Mother Paula construction team, he implicitly told what did is the right thing. His preservation toward the owls and nature are the reason that drive him until this point. He needs to cooperate with all people around his neighborhood to oppose the construction. His classroom is the closest people in his neighborhood that he can persuade to join him. The suggestion in the end also implicitly told his classmates that they can come to Mother Paula groundbreaking to join him oppose it.
Roy's strategy to convince his classmates is succeeded. Half of his classmates come to the Mother Paula groundbreaking event with their parent. They joined Roy in the demonstration to protect the owls from the construction. At the ultimate moment of the demonstration, an owl appeared among the groundbreaking audiences. The owl appearence proved that what Roy said about the fraudulence that is done by Mother Paula's construction leader is true.
""Roy nudged Beatrice. "Look up there!" Overhead, a small dusky-colored bird was flying in marvelous daring corkscrews. Roy and Beatrice watched in delight as it banked lower and lower, finishing with a radical dive toward the burrow at the center of the circle." (Hiaasen, 2002, p. 274) The appearance of the owl becomes a solid proof that there is something wrong with Mother Paula's construction. This is also verified what Roy stated previously about the construction is true. Roy and Mullet Fingers effort and dedication are big in this case. They fought hard to protect the owls and the nature in their neighborhood, Florida. At this moment, all people in their neighborhood knows about this case. They now aware that there is a bird that they need to protect in neighborhood.
Moreover, Roy got a suprising help from his father that work in Department of Justice. His father gave him the copied file of Mother Paula's construction permit to be given to the newspaper. The help from his father makes Roy feel happy. It is because once the file about Mother Paula's construction is spread by newspaper, not only people in his neighborhod that know about the case of the owls but all citizen of United States of America will know too. It will complete Mullet Fingers and Roy mission to protect the owls. After the news spread out, more people will know and care about the owls. Therefore, their deed to protect the owls come to fruition. This is also shown that Roy positive attitude and supportive action toward nature is not worthless.

B. Roy Eberhardt's Attitude to Nature and It Affects His Environmental Stewardship in Novel Hoot
The findings in above brings the study into the discussion. This discussion will discuss either the findings is in line with the theory used in this study or not, including the previous studies to decide the position of this study supporting or modifying the existing theory and previous studies. The discussion shows how the main character attitude in novel Hoot to nature and how it affects his environmental stewardship according to Deep Ecology.
Roy's attitude to nature showed in Hoot explained how he live in harmony with nature in his surroundings. It is in line with the concept of Self-Realization in Devall & Sessions's Deep Ecology. In Self-Realization, the narrow view about oneself to nature have to be changed. The change to accept oneself in nature is explained in Self-Realization. In the beginning, Roy thought Montana is the place that provide nature like in the findings in sub bab knowledge. The change of Roy view about the nature from Montana is nature into nature can be found in any place shows his maturity attitude toward nature. For example, in the sub bab connectedness, the data about Roy accepted Florida as his new home, he also realized that he had to adapt with the new environment in his surroundings. As his attitude toward nature become mature, Roy will develop the principle of Deep Ecology. This explained how Roy realized that his adaptation to his surrounding environment makes Roy to be caring and thoughtful to nature. It also is in accordance to second concept of Deep Ecology, that is Biocentric Equality.
Biocentric Equality explained that human need to recognize the other beings as an equal existence. This was shown in sub bab recognition. In the data of this sub bab, Roy argued with his parent about the owls. he thought the owls also had the right to live in their habitat like human. Therefore, Roy felt responsible to the own well-being as he took the action to save the owls. His peaceful action that he showed in the novel also corresponds with the last concept of Deep Ecology, Ecological Resisting.
Ecological Resisting described a person that engage in Deep Ecology need to have non-violence characteristic. This characteristic was shown in the finding about Roy's action. The data showed how Roy did a demonstration to stop the Mother Paula's industry from bulldozing the owls' nest. His action is in line with the nonviolence characteristic of Ecological Resisting. He never takes an extreme action to achieve his goal.
From the explanation in above, it can be inferred that the findings about Roy attitude toward nature and it influences to his environmental stewardship are in line with Devall and Sessions's theory used in this study. Devall and Sessions's deep ecology explain how people need to treat the other creatures in nature properly (Sessions & Devall, 1985, p. 66). Through Devall and Sessions's deep ecology, this study understands why Roy take his attitude toward nature in active and positive way. For instance, in sub bab connectedness and recognition. The data showed that Roy started to like his new place, Florida, and interact with his new environment. Furthermore, the study also understand why Roy took his action to save the nature. It is caused by Roy's attitude that based his action in peaceful method to settle the case like the data that showed in responsibility and action. Roy reported the wrongdoing of Mother Paula's industry to stop them harm the owls' rather than confronted them directly. Therefore, all of those reasons why this study is in accordance with the theory of deep ecology in order to provide more understanding explanation about the main character's attitude toward nature and it influences to his environmental stewardship.

CONCLUSION
The data used in this study gathered from Carl Hiaasen's Novel Hoot. The data in this study are analyzed using Deep Ecology theory by Bill Devall and George Sessions. Roy Eberhardt, The main character in Hoot novel, is the central focus in this study. There are two results about the research questions. Those are Roy's attitude toward nature and its influences to his environmental stewardship.
First, Roy has active and positive attitude toward nature. This is proved by the findings about Roy and nature in Montana and Florida. This attitude also become mature in Florida after Roy become accustomed with the community in his neighborhood. Roy becomes more caring and thoughtful about the environment around him. Those feeling of Roy causes him to be more responsible about the nature as he showed when he and Mullet Fingers try to save the owls from the raze of the construction.
Roy care about the owls also originate from his belief that every creatures have the same right to live in safe environment. This is caused Roy to take a peacful method to stop the construction. His actively promoted his cause to protect the owls to his classmates. Also, Roy makes a constructive movement to save the owls as he demonstrate to the construction site without any violence. His action is completed as he exposed the wrongdoing of Mother Paula's construction to bury the Burrowing Owl.
The explanation above tells that the findings are matched with the concepts of Deep Ecology. The attitude of Roy toward nature and it influences to his environmental stewardship is in line with Self-Realization, Biocentric Equality, and Ecological Resisting concept. Those concepts explained Roy's attitude and action toward nature more specific. It is found that Roy's attitude and action toward nature are based on the deep ecology principle. Thus, it can be concluded that what Roy 's attitude toward nature and how it influences his action to save nature in the novel already in line with deep ecology theory.