ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT DAN JAMINAN
Abstract
Abstract
Take it or leave it, that is what happens in the development of contract law, especially for contracts where there is almost no bargaining position, especially for a debtor in a credit and guarantee contract or agreement in the banking world. The increasing rate of growth in consumption of goods and/or services is one indicator that shows the development of national and international trade activities. This condition is also supported by advances in science, telecommunications and information technology (internet) as well as modern modes of transportation that provide freedom of movement for transactions of goods and/or services to cross the boundaries of a country. The rapid exchange of data in the world of information and technology has had a significant impact on business behavior and contractors, such as fast food (fast food) existing business contracts have also been "standardized" or prepared in a "ripe" state and “directly served” to its consumers. Such circumstances provide very little room for bargaining over the benefits contained in the contract. This certainly affects their freedom in contracting, especially in the current state of the Covid-19 pandemic through research methods with the statue approach and conceptual approach, the author explores and analyzes problems in the community, especially in banking contracts to determine the principle of freedom of contract in standard agreements, especially in credit and guarantee agreements in the banking world. This aims to find out legal protection and legal remedies for the aggrieved party for the implementation of the standard agreement that has been agreed upon.
Keywords: freedom of contract; standard contract; debt and mortgage agreement
Abstrak
Take it or leave it, itulah yang terjadi dalam perkembangan hukum kontrak khususnya terhadap kontrak-kontrak yang hampir tidak ada posisi tawar-menawar khususnya bagi seorang debitor dalam kontrak atau perjanjian kredit dan jaminan di dunia perbankan. Laju pertumbuhan konsumsi barang dan/atau jasa yang semakin meningkat merupakan salah satu indikator yang menunjukkan adanya perkembangan aktifitas perdagangan nasional maupun internasional. Kondisi tersebut juga didukung dengan kemajuan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi telekomunikasi dan informatika (internet) serta moda transportasi modern yang memberikan keleluasaan gerak transaksi barang dan/atau jasa hingga melintasi batas-batas wilayah suatu negara. Begitu cepatnya pertukaran data dalam dunia informasi dan teknologi tersebut memberikan dampak perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perilaku bisnis dan para kontraktan, ibarat fast food (makanan cepat saji) kontrak-kontrak bisnis yang ada juga telah “dibakukan” atau disiapkan dalam keadaan yang “sudah matang” dan “langsung disajikan” kepada para konsumennya. Keadaan yang demikian memberikan ruang yang sangat kecil untuk melakukan tawar menawar atas manfaat yang ada dalam kontrak. Hal ini tentu mempengaruhi kebebasan mereka dalam berkontrak apalagi dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi saat ini. Melalui metode penelitian dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, penulis menggali dan menganalisa masalah di masyarakat khususnya pada kontrak-kontrak perbankan untuk mengetahui asas kebebasan dalam berkontrak (freedom of contract) dalam perjanjian baku khususnya pada perjanjian kredit dan jaminan dalam dunia perbankan. Hal ini bertujuan mengetahui perlindungan hukum dan upaya hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan atas pelaksanaan perjanjian baku yang telah disepakatinya.
Kata kunci: kebebasan berkontrak; perjanjian baku; perjanjian kredit dan jaminan
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