Kehamilan Di Luar Nikah Dalam Perspektif Katolik: Studi Berdasarkan Kitab Hukum Kanonik (KHK)
Abstract
This study aims to provide a discussion regarding the resolution of problems of premarital sexual relations which lead to pregnancy out of wedlock according to the perspective of the KHK and the Catholic Church's understanding of marriage. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach and interpretive phenomenological analysis from Paul Ricoeur. This study found that pregnancy outside of marriage is not an obstacle to marriage (Kan. 1083 – 1094). However, it is necessary to pay further attention to the marriage agreement, so that defects do not occur in the marriage agreement (Can. 1095 – 1107). For this reason, there needs to be a persuasive dialogue between women who are pregnant out of wedlock and their marriage partners. In addition, children who are the fruit of pre-marital pregnancies are still entitled to their rights as a child without being excluded from anything. This is because pregnancy outside of marriage is a moral problem with regard to sexual relations outside of marriage. This moral problem does not always have to be resolved by marriage, especially when the marriage occurs because of compulsion which will cause the marriage agreement to be flawed according to the KHK. Thus it is necessary to form a solution based on a joint decision.
Keywords: code of canon law; marriage law; sexual relations; unwed pregnancy
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pembahasan mengenai penyelesaian persoalan relasi seksual pra nikah yang berujung pada kehamilan di luar nikah menurut perspektif KHK dan paham pernikahan Gereja Katolik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dan analisis fenomenologi interpretatif dari Paul Ricoeur. Penelitian ini menemukan, kehamilan di luar nikah tidak menjadi halangan pernikahan (Kan. 1083 – 1094). Namun demikian perlu diperhatikan lebih lanjut mengenai kesepakatan nikah, supaya tidak terjadi cacat dalam kesepakatan nikah (Kan. 1095 – 1107). Untuk itu perlu ada dialog persuasif antara perempuan yang hamil di luar nikah dengan pasangan nikah. Selain itu anak yang merupakan buah dari kehamilan pra nikah tetap berhak mendapatkan haknya sebagai seorang anak tanpa dikecualikan dari apa pun. Hal ini dikarenakan kehamilan di luar nikah adalah problem moral berkenaan dengan relasi seksual di luar nikah. Problem moral ini tidak selalu harus diselesaikan dengan pernikahan terlebih ketika pernikahan itu terjadi karena keterpaksaan yang akan menyebabkan perjanjian nikah menjadi cacat menurut KHK. Dengan demikian perlu dibentuk suatu penyelesaian berdasarkan keputusan bersama.
Kata kunci: hukum pernikahan; kehamilan pranikah; kitab hukum kanonik; relasi seksual
Downloads
References
Abdulloh, Muhammad, and Rohmad Aziz. 2022. ‘Pernikahan Wanita Yang Hamil Di Luar Nikah Dan Status Anak Yang Dilahirkan (Perspektif Nalar Fikih Mazhab Syafi’i)’, Al-Hikmah, 10.2: 50–65
Aisyah. 2018. ‘Prosedur Hukum Pengajuan Pernikahan Anak Dibawah Umur Yang Hamil Luar Nikah Berdasarkan Hukzum Positif Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Ilmiah “Advokasi”, 06.02
Baggot, Paddy Jim. 2004. ‘Management of Teenage Pregnancy: A Catholic Approach’, The Linacre Quarterly, 71.1: 79–80 <https://doi.org/10.1080/20508549.2004.11877705>
Bahri, Andi Syamsul. 2022. ‘Status Pernikahan Wanita Hamil Di Luar Nikah Dalam Perspektif Imam Mazhab, Khi Dan Uu No 1 Tahun 1974’, Al-Risalah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam (Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyah), 2.1: 56–72 <https://doi.org/10.30863/al-risalah.v2i1.2715>
Beal, John P., James A. Coriden, and Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph) Green. 2000. New Commentary on The Code of Canon Law
Burke, Cormac. 2015. The Theology of Marriage: Personalism, Doctrine, and Canon Law, The Theology of Marriage: Personalism, Doctrine, and Canon Law <https://doi.org/10.5840/ncbq201616229>
Fatmawati, Nita, Yunanto, and Marjo. 2016. ‘Diponegoro Law Review’, Diponegoro Law Review, 5.2: 1–16 <https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/article/view/10960/10629>
Fikri, Budiman Sulaeman, and Andi Bahri. 2014. ‘Perlindungan Anak Di Luar Nikah Dalam Hukum Negara Dan Hukum Islam’, Jurnal Diktum, 12.1
Flechner, Roy (ed.). 2019. The Hibernensis Book 2. Translation, Commentary, and Indexes (Washington DC: The Catholic University of America Press) <https://www.ptonline.com/articles/how-to-get-better-mfi-results>
Fransiskus, Paus. 2017. ‘Amoris Laetitia (Sukacita Kasih)’, Seri Dokumen Gerejawi No. 100
Gennarini, Stefano. 2016. ‘C-Fam: Center for Family & Human Rights’: 1–3 <https://c-fam.org/friday_fax/informe-de-la-onu-no-hay-definicion-de-familia/>
Hardawiryana, R. (Penerj.). 1981. ‘Pope John Paul II-Familiaris Consortio.’, DokPen KWI E-Book Pdf Drive, pp. 1–134
‘Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1983 Terj. Sekretariat KWI (KHK)’. 1991. (Jakarta: Obor)
Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia, (KWI). 2009. Katekismus Gereja Katolik (Yogyakarta: Penerbit PT Kanisius)
Listiati, Ingrid. 2019. Indah Dan Dalamnya Makna Sakramen Perkawinan Katolik, Katolisitas (Jakarta) <https://www.katolisitas.org/indah-dan-dalamnya-makna-sakramen-perkawinan-katolik/#_ftn1>
Margaret, Davies. 2009. Matthew Readings: A New Biblical Commentary, ed. by John Jarick (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press) <https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n50>
Millah, Saiful. 2017. ‘Pernikahan Wanita Yang Hamil Di Luar Nikah Dan Akibat Hukumnya : Telaah Atas Dualisme Fikih Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam’, MISYKAT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Quran, Hadist, Syari’ah Dan Tarbiyah, 2.2: 39 <https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v2n2.39-76>
Nikmah, Jannatun. 2021. ‘Pernikahan Dini Akibat Hamil Di Luar Nikah Pada Masa Pandemi : Studi Kasus Di Desa Ngunut’, Sakina: Journal of Family Studies, 5.3: 1–19 <http://urj.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/jibl>
Quirk, Kevin Michael. 2010. ‘Unwed Pregnancy’, Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston <https://dwc.org/unwed-pregnancy/> [accessed 13 December 2022]
Raharso, A. Tjatur. 2008. Kesepakatan Nikah Dalam Hukum Perkawinan Katolik (Malang: Dioma)
———. 2014. Paham Perkawinan Dalam Hukum Gereja Katolik (Malang: Dioma)
———. 2016. Halangan-Halangan Nikah Menurut Gereja Katolik, Revisi (Malang: Dioma)
Riyanto, FX. E. Armada. 2020. Metodologi Pemantik & Anatomi Riset Filosofi Teologis, 1st edn (Malang: Widya Sasana)
Salsabila, Aludia, Anisya Salsabila, and Firdaus Rizal. 2022. ‘Tradisi Bilas Nikah Karena Kawin Hamil Di Luar Nikah Perspektif Hukum Islam’, Jurnal Laboratorium Syariah Dan Hukum, 3.2
Spiteri, Laurence J. 2013. Canon Law Explained: A Handbook for Laymen (Manchester: SOPHIA INSTITUTE PRESS)
Triyono, and Yulindawati. 2022. ‘Dinamika Psikologis Pengambilan Keputusan Orang Tua Menikahkan Dini Anak Akibat Hamil Di Luar Nikah’, ANFUSINA: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 5.1: 51–72 <https://doi.org/DOI: // dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajp.v5i1.13367>
West, Christopher. 2009. Theology of the Body for Beginners: A Basic Introduction to Pope John II’s Sexual Reolution, Ascension Press (West Chester: Ascension Press)
Yulianty, Rezky. 2017. ‘Pernikahan Hamil Di Luar Nikah Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dan Fiqih Islam Di Kantor Urusan Agama’, Jurnal: Masalah - Masalah Hukum, 46.3: 239–48
Authors who publish with Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus agree to the following terms:
- Authors transfer the copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)