VILLAGE ROLE IN REDUCING STUNTING AS AN EFFORT TO ACHIEVE THE SDGS OF SUKODONO VILLAGE SIDOARJO DISTRICT

This study aims to analyze the role of the village in suppressing stunting as an effort to achieve the SDGs of Sukodono Village, Sidoarjo Regency. The stunting phenomenon is a phenomenon that is currently occurring and is included in the sustainability development goal indicator. Data shows that the prevalence rate of stunting in Indonesia is still high at 24%. The central government to local governments are trying hard to overcome this phenomenon. This is necessary because stunting has such a big impact on the growth of early childhood. This research method uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Selection of informants using purposive sampling method by selecting informants who are considered to understand the topic of the problem being raised. The results of the study show that the role of the Sukodono Village government is firstly the availability of facilities and infrastructure where the village government has attempted to provide Posyandu tools. The second is the availability of a budget where the Sukodono Village government has budgeted Rp. 108,612,800 which was used to purchase facilities and infrastructure for the stunting reduction program. The three partnerships where there are three parties that play a role, namely the Village Government whose task is to provide facilities in implementing the stunting reduction program, Health Officers who are tasked with providing nutrition services and the Regional General Hospital whose task is to provide outreach to the community about the stunting program. Lastly is community participation where the people of Sukodono Village fully support the reduction of stunting rates.


A. INTRODUCTION
The incidence of short toddlers or commonly known as stunting is one of the problems experienced by some toddlers due to malnutrition or malnutrition.In 2022 there will be around 24.4% of stunting cases in Indonesia.Stunting is a serious problem and also a major nutritional problem faced by some people in Indonesia (Wulandari, 2022).If the stunting problem is chronic or long-term, of course it will affect cognitive abilities, namely the low level of intelligence and of course also have an impact on the quality of human resources.(Nurshanti, 2022).The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia explained that the stunting rate in Indonesia is still quite high at 24% where currently the focus of efforts being made is to reduce the prevalence of stunting to 14%.This needs to be done considering the growth rate of stunting in Indonesia is still said to be quite high.
Stunting (Stunt) is a condition in which toddlers have less length and height compared to their age (Arnita et al., 2020).This condition is measured by length or height which is more than minus two standard deviations of the WHO child growth standard median (Pujiati et al., 2021).Stunted toddlers are included in chronic nutritional problems caused by many factors such as socio-economic conditions, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, illness in infants, lack of nutritional intake or nutrition in infants (Alfarisi et al., 2019).In addition, infectious diseases caused by poor hygiene and sanitation can certainly interfere with the absorption of nutrients in the digestive process.Some infectious diseases in infants can cause the baby to lose weight (Sumiarti, 2021).And if these factors occur in the long term, of course it will cause stunting (Hadi et al., 2019).
Nutrition obtained from birth certainly affects growth, including the risk of stunting (Sulistyorini, 2022).The nutritional state of a mother and child is of course the most important factor for a child's growth, the period 0-24 months of a child's age is a sensitive period because the consequences for the baby at this time are permanent.Stunted toddlers will have difficulty achieving optimal physical development and cognitive development.
The problem of stunting also needs to be of particular concern to the government because this problem concerns the health of toddlers and children at an early age and their future growth (Pamungkas et al., 2021).On the other hand, children are an asset in the future, of course it can be described how the condition of human resources in Indonesia will be in the future if there are many children who are currently stunted (Fitriana et al., 2022).Human resources in Indonesia certainly cannot compete with other nations in facing global challenges, whereas if children are healthy, productive and intelligent, of course they can make a very important asset because they are the generation that can support sustainable development or sustainable development goals.SDGs) (Wardita et al., 2021).Stunting itself is one of the targets of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) (Beal et al., 2018).
The Indonesian government, in this case, has certainly made efforts and made several solutions to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia, which is still quite high.This effort is contained in the agenda contained in the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) IV 2020-2024 (Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas, 2019).HR development is of course related to the phenomenon of stunting (Indriyanti et al., 2022).Meanwhile, according to a survey conducted by the Global Nutrition Report, it was stated that stunting cases in Indonesia were in 108th place out of 132 participating countries (Makatita & Djuwita, 2020).When viewed as a region in Southeast Asia, Indonesia ranks second highest in cases of stunting after Cambodia (Situmeang & Putri, 2021).With regard to stunting cases, the Government of Indonesia has issued the Peraturan Presiden Nomor 72 Tahun 2021 concerning accelerating the reduction of stunting so that future stunting problems in Indonesia can be resolved (Kemenkes RI, 2021).
Efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia are not only a matter that is the responsibility of the central government, but also must be the concern and responsibility of the local government.(Sugianto, 2021).Various regions in Indonesia have, of course, made several policies regarding reducing the prevalence of stunting in each region (F. Christin Angelina et al., 2018).At the regional level, Posyandu has carried out a lot of stunting reduction.The role of Posyandu in reducing stunting rates at the village level is very important and vital.The presence of posyandu has played a role in implementing village health activities, especially in reducing malnutrition rates for toddlers at the village level (Agustina, 2017).One of the areas or districts currently focusing on reducing the prevalence of stunting cases is Sidoarjo Regency.Sidoarjo Regency is one of the regencies in the East Java Province region and is a stunting focus district based on the Surat Keputusan Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional Nomor: Kep.10/M.PPN/HK/02/2021 regarding the determination of the expansion of districts/cities where the focus of integrated stunting reduction interventions will be in 2022 (Bappenas, 2021).
Handling to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Sidoarjo Regency has basically been carried out by the Sidoarjo Regency government in several activities such as Providing Supplemental Food (PMT) to toddlers, counseling related to exclusive breastfeeding and Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS).It is also realized in application innovations that can be used by residents such as the Si Cantik Application, Lestari and the BKB Application, all of which focus on efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Sidoarjo Regency (Pujiastuti et al., 2022).Several previous studies have also discussed a lot about the role in efforts to suppress stunting where the first research was conducted by Shinta Aurelia Rahmasari and Itok Wicaksono, in 2022 with the title "Implementation of Stunting Handling Policies in Jember Regency in Efforts to Accelerate Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals Targets".In this study using a type of descriptive research using qualitative methods.The results found in the research found that the implementation of the Jember Regency government policy on handling stunting cases has been going well, as evidenced by the commitment of the Jember Regency government to form a special team and special programs for handling stunting, and the budgeting of funds used in the policy implementation process has been integrated properly and adapted to the classification of government needs.The Jember Regency Government has coordinated by carrying out monitoring once a month, the Jember Regency government continues to provide support and assistance in efforts to reduce stunting as evidenced by the decrease in the prevalence rate of stunting in Jember Regency which in 2021 is able to reach a prevalence rate of 11.74% (Rahmasari & Wicaksono, 2022).The similarity of the previous research with this research is that it uses qualitative research methods, while the difference lies in the object of the research.In the previous research, it referred more to districts, but this research refers more to villages.
Second, research by Angelia F. Tendean, Sutantri, Zikri Alhalawi, Muhammad Chaidar, in 2022 with the title "Strategies for Prevention and Management of Stunting in Children Aged 6-59 Months".In this study using a literature review research method.The results of previous research found that stunting prevention and prevention requires the right strategy.In the review results, it was found that strategies that can be used to overcome stunting cases are providing health education from pregnancy to breastfeeding, providing additional nutrition such as food supplements for toddlers and also pregnant women which are important for the growth and development of the fetus, government assistance in the form of food and funds, practice use of clean water, hygiene, sanitation, and Early Childhood Development (PAUD).Self-awareness in the community and government involvement is very necessary in eradicating stunting cases (Tendean et al., 2022).The similarities between previous research and this research both discuss topics related to overcoming stunting cases.The difference between previous research and this research is that previous research used the literature review research method, while this research used qualitative methods.
Third, research by Ririn Novianti, Hartuti Purnaweni, Ari Subowo, in 2021 with the title "The Role of Posyandu to Handle Stunting in Medini Village, Undaan District, Kudus Regency".In this study using a type of descriptive research using qualitative methods.In this study, the results obtained were that the role of Posyandu in dealing with stunting problems, especially in preventive or preventive measures.The role of posyandu in providing nutrition health counseling and counseling related to proper information on nutritional health to mothers under five, of course, with the hope that knowledge and awareness will be formed in preventing stunting so that the stunting rate in Medini Village does not increase and even decreases, in carrying out the role of counseling and counseling There are still several obstacles to nutritional health that make this role not optimal, namely the quality of Human Resources (HR) owned by Posyandu is still lacking, the budget allocated for handling stunting is limited, facilities and infrastructure are still not fulfilled due to expansion of posts and delivery of information incomplete and not fully understood (Novianti et al., 2021).The similarities between previous research and this research are using qualitative methods.The difference between the previous research and this research lies in the fact that the previous research focused on the role of posyandu, while this research refers more to the role of the village government.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the village in suppressing stunting as an effort to achieve the SDGs of Sukodono Village, Sidoarjo Regency.The basic theory used is Yeti Heryati theory (2014) regarding the role of government which consists of four indicators.Namely Availability of Facilities and Infrastructure, Budget Availability, Partnerships, Community Participation.The implications of this research are expected to provide information regarding the role of the Sukodono Village government in reducing the prevalence of stunting to achieve the village's Sustainability Development Goals.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW Village Role
All forms of development activities in the village certainly require the role of the village government.Roles can be defined as a series of formulations that limit the expected behaviors of certain position holders (Miftahuljannah et al., 2022).According to Bidle and Thomas, role theory is divided into four, namely: 1).The relationship between people and behavior 2).The position of people with behavior, 3).Behavior as seen from the interaction, 4).People who take part in social interactions.
The village government is an institution that carries out government in the village which has the authority to regulate and manage all activities in the village as a form of interest to the village (Laia & Angin, 2020).Village government is a subsystem of the governance system, so that the village government has the authority to regulate and manage its own community, the village government as the unit of government institution that is closest to the village community is expected to be able to move the wheel of village governance in earnest and be able to change the standard of living of village communities.towards a more prosperous direction (Zuhaqiqi, 2020).

Stunting
Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by a lack of nutritional intake for a long time, this causes future problems, namely experiencing difficulties in achieving optimal physical and cognitive development.Stunted children have a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) than the average IQ of normal children (Kemenkes RI, 2018).Stunting is a condition in which a person's body is not normal based on age and gender.A person's height is a type of anthropometric examination and an indicator in showing a person's nutritional status, there is stunting indicating poor nutritional status or malnutrition in the long term (Candra, 2020).
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children due to chronic malnutrition so that the child becomes too short for his age (Sabilla & Kriswibowo, 2021).Of course, this malnutrition can occur since the baby is in the womb, at the beginning of the period after the child is born, but it will only be seen after the child is in the first 1000 days of life or 2 years (Yulastini et al., 2022).The nutritional state of a mother and child is of course the most important factor in a child's growth, the period 0-24 months of age is a sensitive period because the consequences for the baby at this time are permanent (Hardani & Zuraida, 2019).Adapun dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh masalah gizi pada jangka pendek yaitu has an impact on disrupting brain development, intelligence, metabolic disorders in the body, and physical growth disorders, and in the long term can result in decreased cognitive abilities, in learning achievement, and decreased immunity (Rahayu et al., 2018).

Village SDGs
In 2020 Indonesia issued a derivative program from the National SDGs to become Village SDGs, Village SDGs can be interpreted as an effort to create villages without poverty, economic villages grow evenly, environmentally friendly villages, decent clean water and sanitation villages, education caring villages, networked villages, women-friendly villages and culturally responsive villages in accelerating the achievement of sustainable development.SDGs Desa is a program of the Ministry of Villages which is one of the programs in alleviating poverty and providing a sense of security (Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, 2020).
Village SDGs is a program initiated by the Ministry of Villages, the Permendes Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 which forms the basis for sustainable village development (Sutrisna, 2021).Village SDGs is a sustainable development program supported by village funds, the existence of Village SDGs as a form of maximizing the use of village funds that have been provided by the village government to villages as a form of supporting sustainable development participation.

C. METHODS
The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method where descriptive research itself is defined as a research procedure that produces descriptive data output from interviews and observations of people and observed behavior.This method was used because researchers are trying to observe and uncover events in the field regarding the role of the village in suppressing stunting as an effort to achieve the SDGs of Sukodono Village, Sidoarjo Regency.The focus of the study in this research is to find out the role of the village in suppressing stunting as an effort to achieve the SDGs of Sukodono Village, Sidoarjo Regency.By using the theoretical concept of Yeti Heryati (2014) regarding the role of government which consists of four indicators.Namely 1).Availability of Facilities and Infrastructure, 2).Availability of Budget, 3).Partnership, 4).Society participation.The selection of informants was carried out by means of purposive sampling, namely by selecting informants who were considered to understand the topic of the problem being raised.
The data collection was carried out in three ways, the first interview was conducted by the Village Government by preparing research instruments in the form of questions to be asked to the informants, so that the researcher got the meaning of the topic.The next way is by observation where researchers observe and record the role of the village in suppressing stunting as an effort to achieve the SDGs of Sukodono Village, Sidoarjo Regency.Lastly is documentation where in this stage the researcher collects and concludes the data obtained from the interview and observation process which can be used as material in checking the validity of the data.The data analysis technique used in this study is to use the theoretical approach of Miles and Huberman where in this theory the analysis is divided into three parts namely reduction, data presentation and conclusion.Reduction in this study was carried out by selecting the data obtained during the data collection process.The second is the presentation of selected data where the data displayed is primary data and the last is drawing conclusions.The data used are primary data obtained from direct searches in the field.The location of this research is in a village where several policies have been made regarding reducing the prevalence of stunting at the village level.

D. EXPLANATION
The management of stunting is currently the focus of the Government of Sidoarjo Regency to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Sidoarjo Regency.The number of stunting cases in Sidoarjo Regency continues to be suppressed.This has become the focus of the Sidoarjo Regency government and village governments in Sidoarjo Regency.Data reported from the Sidoarjo Health Office in August 2020 reported that the stunting prevalence rate reached 8.24% and fell to 7.9% in February 2021.The decline in the stunting prevalence rate decreased due to Sidoarjo Regency government programs, one of which is through the socialization of stunting rates. in Sidoarjo Regency.
The role of reducing stunting is not only carried out by the Sidoarjo Regency government, but also the role of the village government in Sidoarjo Regency.One of the village governments that has played a role in reducing the prevalence of stunting in Sidoarjo Regency is the government of Sukodono Village, Sukodono District.Sukodono Village is one of the villages located in Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency.In reducing the prevalence of stunting in this village, the village government, in collaboration with posyandu cadres, has created several programs to reduce stunting.The program to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Sukodono Village has been carried out since 2021 and currently there are 7 health posts in Sukodono Village to reduce stunting.Picture 1. Posyandu activities Source: (Sukodono Village Government) In suppressing the stunting prevalence rate in Sukodono Village, the Sukodono Village government is making full efforts to reduce the stunting prevalence rate in this village.To reduce the increase in stunting in Sukodono Village, the village government plays a full role in reducing stunting rates.Data collected from Sukodono Village health workers report that cases of stunting in 2022 will still not occur, but there is a risk of stunting that could occur in children in Sukodono Village.The nutritional data and growth and development of children and toddlers in Sukodono Village are as follows: Responding to this stunting problem, the Sukodono village government must play a major role in reducing the number of stunting risk reduction.To examine the role of the government of Sukodono Village, this study uses the theoretical approach of Yeti Heryati (2014) which consists of four indicators namely Availability of Facilities and Infrastructure, Availability of Budget, Partnership and Community Participation.The analysis of the role of the Sukodono Village government according to the theory of Yeti Heryati (2014) can be described as follows:

Availability of facilities and infrastructure
In reducing the stunting rate in Sukodono Village, the village government seeks to provide facilities and infrastructure in carrying out a stunting prevalence reduction program in Sukodono Village.These facilities and infrastructure are intended for use in posyandu activities and village health activities.Where the facilities and infrastructure consist of immunization kits, scales and height measuring devices with the use of these tools in coordination with village health workers including village midwives and posyandu officers.The purpose of providing these facilities and infrastructure is so that residents of Sukodono Village can access health facilities and infrastructure properly and make it easier for the village government to implement a program to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Sukodono Village.These facilities and infrastructure are often used in the 1st week on Monday at Posyandu activities in Sukodono Village.

Budget Availability
Activities to reduce the prevalence of stunting certainly require a budget from the Sukodono Village government.In this case the role of the village government in providing village budgets for reducing stunting is very much needed.Rp. 42.000.000Source: Sukodono Village Government This budget is intended to purchase facilities and infrastructure for programs to reduce stunting prevalence and improve community nutrition through the supplementary food program (PMT).The disbursement of these funds is carried out by the executor of village activities, in this case the Kasi Welfare, who is responsible for implementing village activities.

Partnerships
In carrying out program activities to reduce the prevalence of stunting, of course the village government cannot do it alone and requires the role of partners and stakeholders.The stunting prevalence reduction program in Sukodono Village itself involves many parties and stakeholders where these partners have their respective roles.Several parties involved in reducing the prevalence of stunting in the village of Sukodono include the Village Government, Health Officers, Health Cadres, General Hospitals.The role of each stakeholder includes the role of the Village Government, namely providing facilities and coordinating the implementation of stunting reduction programs.The second role of the Health Officer is to provide nutrition services.The three roles of the Health Cadres are to collect data on the development of toddlers, one of which is to record the toddler's weight.The external party involved is the General Hospital which has a role, namely providing outreach to the community regarding stunting.

Community Participation
In the stunting reduction program in Sukodono Village, community support and participation is needed in order to successfully implement this program.To achieve this program can be successful, community participation is needed.So far, community participation in Sukodono Village has been very supportive of this program to reduce the prevalence of stunting.This is proven by the fact that the community is always present in the implementation of stunting reduction programs such as routine weighing of toddlers (posyandu) which is carried out once every 1 month in the 1st week on Monday, socialization regarding the importance of toddler nutrition.In addition, the people in Sukodono Village are also aware of the importance of providing good and sufficient nutrition so that the nutritional needs of children can be met.The village government is also trying to increase public awareness about this stunting case by always providing socialization to the community, especially to catin (bride-to-be) about the importance of good nutrition for children's growth so as to create a superior generation.

E. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research conducted by the author with the title "Village Role in Suppressing Stunting as an Effort to Achieve SDGs in Sukodono Village District" it can be said to be effective.In the analysis using the theoretical approach of Yeti Heryati (2014), there are four indicators to analyze the role of the Sukodono Village government.First, the Sukodono Village government has provided facilities and infrastructure in the form of scales, height tools and immunization kits.The second is the provision of a budget where the Sukodono government has provided a budget of Rp. 108,612,800 which was used to purchase facilities and infrastructure for the stunting reduction program.The three Sukodono Village governments have collaborated with a cadre of health workers and the regional public hospital.Fourth is the participation of the people of Sukodono Village who have supported this program.In addition, the village government is also trying to socialize the importance of the impact of stunting to prospective brides.

Table 1 . Measurement of Child and Toddler Health
The provision of the village budget for reducing the prevalence of stunting in Sukodono Village is based on Government Regulation Number 60 of 2014 concerning Village Funds Sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget where this budget is included in village funds.Village funds provided by the Sukodono Village government itself in reducing the stunting prevalence rate amounted to IDR 108,612,800 where this budget came from village funds.The details are as follows: