The The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in Enhancing Psychological Well-Being through Gratitude among Working University Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30996/fn.v34i1.131991Keywords:
Gratitude, Self-Compassion, Psychological Well-Being, Working University StudentsAbstract
This study aims to determine the direct influence of servant leadership on organizational learning abilities. The data of this study were obtained from 208 respondents and were employees who worked for companies that applied the corporate university concept for employee training and development. The sampling technique used in this study was a combination of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. This study uses the servant leadership behavior scale developed by Handoyo (2010) with reliability of 0.993, the Organizational Learning Capability (OLC) measurement scale scale developed by Chiva, Alegre, and Lapiedra (2007) with reliability of 0.899. Furthermore, data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square method with WarpPLS 6.0 software. The results of this study indicate that there are positive direct effects of servant leadership on organizational learning capabilities.Downloads
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References
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Alkhawaldeh, A., Omari, O. A., Aldawi, S. A., Hashmi, I. A., Ballad, C. A., Ibrahim, A. S., Sabei, S. A., Alsaraireh, A., Qadire, M. A., & ALBashtawy, M. (2023). Stress Factors, Stress Levels, and Coping Mechanisms among University Students. The Scientific World Journal, 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2026971
Blasche, G., Khanaqa, T. a. K., & Wagner‐Menghin, M. (2023). Mentally demanding work and strain: Effects of study duration on fatigue, vigor, and distress in undergraduate medical students. Healthcare, 11(12), 1674. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121674
Bonsaksen, T., Chiu, V., Leung, J., Schoultz, M., Thygesen, H., Price, D., Ruffolo, M., & Geirdal, A. Ø. (2022). Students’ Mental Health, Well-Being, and Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Study. Healthcare, 10(6), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060996
Chen, Z., Lee, T., Yue, X., & Wang, J. (2022). How Time pressure Matter University Faculties’ Job Stress and Well-Being? The Perspective of the Job Demand Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902951
Chu, T., Liu, X., Takayanagi, S., Matsushita, T., & Kishimoto, H. (2022). Association between mental health and academic performance among university undergraduates: The interacting role of lifestyle behaviors. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1938
Da Silva Valadão Fernandes, M., Mendonça, C. R., Da Silva, T. M. V., Noll, P. R. E. S., De Abreu, L. C., & Noll, M. (2023). Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33584-3
Drăghici, G., & Cazan, A. (2022). Burnout and maladjustment among employed students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825588
Emmons, R. A. (2008). Gratitude, subjective well-being, and the brain. The science of subjective well-being, 469-489.
Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. Handbook of positive psychology, 18, 459-471.
Fiorilli, C., Barni, D., Russo, C. C., Marchetti, V., Angelini, G., & Romano, L. (2022). Students’ burnout at university: the role of gender and worker status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811341
Friedman, E. (2014). Psychological Well-Being inventory. In Springer eBooks (pp. 5172–5176). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2312
Gong, Z., Wang, H., Zhong, M., & Shao, Y. (2023). College students’ learning stress, psychological resilience and learning burnout: status quo and coping strategies. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04783-z
Gruszecka, E. (2015). Appreciating gratitude: Is gratitude an amplifier of well-being?. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 186-196.
Hysenbegasi, A., Hass, S. L., & Rowland, C. R. (2005). The impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. The journal of mental health policy and economics, 8(3), 145–151.
Karakasidou, E., Raftopoulou, G., Papadimitriou, A., & Stalikas, A. (2023). Self-Compassion and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Greek College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064890
Karuniawati, H., Sari, N., Hossain, M. S., Ismail, W. I., Haq, A. H. B., Yulianti, T., Taufik, T., & Sudarsono, G. R. (2022). Assessment of Mental Health and Quality of Life Status of Undergraduate Students in Indonesia during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912011
Lin, C. C., & Yeh, Y. C. (2014). How gratitude influences well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. Social indicators research, 118, 205-217.
McCurdy, B. H., Scozzafava, M. D., Bradley, T. G., Matlow, R., Weems, C. F., & Carrión, V. G. (2022). Impact of anxiety and depression on academic achievement among underserved school children: evidence of suppressor effects. Current Psychology, 42(30), 26793–26801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03801-9
McLean, L., Gaul, D., & Penco, R. (2022). Perceived Social Support and Stress: a Study of 1st Year Students in Ireland. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(4), 2101–2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00710-z
Moxham, L., Fernandez, R., Kim, B., Lapkin, S., Ham-Baloyi, W. T., & Mutair, A. A. (2018). Employment as a predictor of mental health, psychological distress, anxiety and depression in Australian pre-registration nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(6), 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.03.005
Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., Espigares-López, I., Brown, T., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020). The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychosocial Factors in University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134778
Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual review of psychology, 74(1), 193-218.
Olson, N., Oberhoffer‐Fritz, R., Reiner, B., & Schulz, T. (2023). Study related factors associated with study engagement and student burnout among German university students. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168264
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and well being: the benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)), 7(11), 18–22.
Slimmen, S. R., Timmermans, O., Mikołajczak-Degrauwe, K., & Oenema, A. (2022). How stress-related factors affect mental wellbeing of university students A cross-sectional study to explore the associations between stressors, perceived stress, and mental wellbeing. PLOS ONE, 17(11), e0275925. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275925
Tang, Y., & He, W. (2023). Depression and academic engagement among college students: the role of sense of security and psychological impact of COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1230142
Teixeira, I., Simões, S., Marques, M., Espírito-Santo, H., & Lemos, L. (2016). Self-criticism and self-compassion role in the occurrence of insomnia on college students. European Psychiatry, 33(S1), s268-s268.
Tran, M. a. Q., Khoury, B., Chau, N. N. T., Van Pham, M., Dang, A. T. N., Ngo, T. V., Ngo, T. T., Truong, T. M., & Dao, A. K. L. (2022). The role of Self-Compassion on Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Vietnamese Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hope as a mediator. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00487-7
Wang, L., Gonzalez, P. D., Lau, P. L., Vaughan, E. L., & Costa, M. F. (2023). “Dando gracias”: Gratitude, social connectedness, and subjective happiness among bilingual Latinx college students. Journal of Latinx Psychology, 11(3), 203.
Wardhani, N., Agustiani, H., Hutasuhut, I. J., & Gimmy, A. P. (2020). An exploration of gratitude themes and dynamics in academic context: an initial study on students in Indonesia. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14(2).
Watkins, P. C., Emmons, R. A., Greaves, M. R., & Bell, J. (2018). Joy is a distinct positive emotion: Assessment of joy and relationship to gratitude and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(5), 522-539.
Wei, P. (2022). The impact of social support on students’ mental health: A new perspective based on fine art majors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.994157
Wood, A. M., Emmons, R. A., Algoe, S. B., Froh, J. J., Lambert, N. M., & Watkins, P. (2016). A dark side of gratitude? Distinguishing between beneficial gratitude and its harmful impostors for the positive clinical psychology of gratitude and well‐being. The Wiley handbook of positive clinical psychology, 137-151.
Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical psychology review, 30(7), 890-905.
Yan, P., Lv, S., Low, S. R., & Bono, S. A. (2023). The impact of employment stress on college students: psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic in China. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04785-w
Zhao, R., Peng, J., Li, J., Qin, L., & Luo, B. (2023). Psychological Resilience of Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study after the Deblocking of China’s COVID-19 Pandemic Strategy. Healthcare, 11(17), 2409. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172409
Zeng, X., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2023). Generate Greater gratitude when being help? A study of the psychological mechanism of gratitude for Chinese poor college students. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18(4), 1875–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10166-z
Alkhawaldeh, A., Omari, O. A., Aldawi, S. A., Hashmi, I. A., Ballad, C. A., Ibrahim, A. S., Sabei, S. A., Alsaraireh, A., Qadire, M. A., & ALBashtawy, M. (2023). Stress Factors, Stress Levels, and Coping Mechanisms among University Students. The Scientific World Journal, 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2026971
Blasche, G., Khanaqa, T. a. K., & Wagner‐Menghin, M. (2023). Mentally demanding work and strain: Effects of study duration on fatigue, vigor, and distress in undergraduate medical students. Healthcare, 11(12), 1674. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121674
Bonsaksen, T., Chiu, V., Leung, J., Schoultz, M., Thygesen, H., Price, D., Ruffolo, M., & Geirdal, A. Ø. (2022). Students’ Mental Health, Well-Being, and Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Study. Healthcare, 10(6), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060996
Chen, Z., Lee, T., Yue, X., & Wang, J. (2022). How Time pressure Matter University Faculties’ Job Stress and Well-Being? The Perspective of the Job Demand Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902951
Chu, T., Liu, X., Takayanagi, S., Matsushita, T., & Kishimoto, H. (2022). Association between mental health and academic performance among university undergraduates: The interacting role of lifestyle behaviors. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1938
Da Silva Valadão Fernandes, M., Mendonça, C. R., Da Silva, T. M. V., Noll, P. R. E. S., De Abreu, L. C., & Noll, M. (2023). Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33584-3
Drăghici, G., & Cazan, A. (2022). Burnout and maladjustment among employed students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825588
Emmons, R. A. (2008). Gratitude, subjective well-being, and the brain. The science of subjective well-being, 469-489.
Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. Handbook of positive psychology, 18, 459-471.
Fiorilli, C., Barni, D., Russo, C. C., Marchetti, V., Angelini, G., & Romano, L. (2022). Students’ burnout at university: the role of gender and worker status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811341
Friedman, E. (2014). Psychological Well-Being inventory. In Springer eBooks (pp. 5172–5176). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2312
Gong, Z., Wang, H., Zhong, M., & Shao, Y. (2023). College students’ learning stress, psychological resilience and learning burnout: status quo and coping strategies. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04783-z
Gruszecka, E. (2015). Appreciating gratitude: Is gratitude an amplifier of well-being?. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 186-196.
Hysenbegasi, A., Hass, S. L., & Rowland, C. R. (2005). The impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. The journal of mental health policy and economics, 8(3), 145–151.
Karakasidou, E., Raftopoulou, G., Papadimitriou, A., & Stalikas, A. (2023). Self-Compassion and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Greek College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064890
Karuniawati, H., Sari, N., Hossain, M. S., Ismail, W. I., Haq, A. H. B., Yulianti, T., Taufik, T., & Sudarsono, G. R. (2022). Assessment of Mental Health and Quality of Life Status of Undergraduate Students in Indonesia during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912011
Lin, C. C., & Yeh, Y. C. (2014). How gratitude influences well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. Social indicators research, 118, 205-217.
McCurdy, B. H., Scozzafava, M. D., Bradley, T. G., Matlow, R., Weems, C. F., & Carrión, V. G. (2022). Impact of anxiety and depression on academic achievement among underserved school children: evidence of suppressor effects. Current Psychology, 42(30), 26793–26801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03801-9
McLean, L., Gaul, D., & Penco, R. (2022). Perceived Social Support and Stress: a Study of 1st Year Students in Ireland. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21(4), 2101–2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00710-z
Moxham, L., Fernandez, R., Kim, B., Lapkin, S., Ham-Baloyi, W. T., & Mutair, A. A. (2018). Employment as a predictor of mental health, psychological distress, anxiety and depression in Australian pre-registration nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(6), 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.03.005
Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., Espigares-López, I., Brown, T., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020). The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychosocial Factors in University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134778
Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual review of psychology, 74(1), 193-218.
Olson, N., Oberhoffer‐Fritz, R., Reiner, B., & Schulz, T. (2023). Study related factors associated with study engagement and student burnout among German university students. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168264
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and well being: the benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)), 7(11), 18–22.
Slimmen, S. R., Timmermans, O., Mikołajczak-Degrauwe, K., & Oenema, A. (2022). How stress-related factors affect mental wellbeing of university students A cross-sectional study to explore the associations between stressors, perceived stress, and mental wellbeing. PLOS ONE, 17(11), e0275925. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275925
Tang, Y., & He, W. (2023). Depression and academic engagement among college students: the role of sense of security and psychological impact of COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1230142
Teixeira, I., Simões, S., Marques, M., Espírito-Santo, H., & Lemos, L. (2016). Self-criticism and self-compassion role in the occurrence of insomnia on college students. European Psychiatry, 33(S1), s268-s268.
Tran, M. a. Q., Khoury, B., Chau, N. N. T., Van Pham, M., Dang, A. T. N., Ngo, T. V., Ngo, T. T., Truong, T. M., & Dao, A. K. L. (2022). The role of Self-Compassion on Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Vietnamese Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hope as a mediator. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00487-7
Wang, L., Gonzalez, P. D., Lau, P. L., Vaughan, E. L., & Costa, M. F. (2023). “Dando gracias”: Gratitude, social connectedness, and subjective happiness among bilingual Latinx college students. Journal of Latinx Psychology, 11(3), 203.
Wardhani, N., Agustiani, H., Hutasuhut, I. J., & Gimmy, A. P. (2020). An exploration of gratitude themes and dynamics in academic context: an initial study on students in Indonesia. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14(2).
Watkins, P. C., Emmons, R. A., Greaves, M. R., & Bell, J. (2018). Joy is a distinct positive emotion: Assessment of joy and relationship to gratitude and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(5), 522-539.
Wei, P. (2022). The impact of social support on students’ mental health: A new perspective based on fine art majors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.994157
Wood, A. M., Emmons, R. A., Algoe, S. B., Froh, J. J., Lambert, N. M., & Watkins, P. (2016). A dark side of gratitude? Distinguishing between beneficial gratitude and its harmful impostors for the positive clinical psychology of gratitude and well‐being. The Wiley handbook of positive clinical psychology, 137-151.
Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical psychology review, 30(7), 890-905.
Yan, P., Lv, S., Low, S. R., & Bono, S. A. (2023). The impact of employment stress on college students: psychological well-being during COVID-19 pandemic in China. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04785-w
Zhao, R., Peng, J., Li, J., Qin, L., & Luo, B. (2023). Psychological Resilience of Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study after the Deblocking of China’s COVID-19 Pandemic Strategy. Healthcare, 11(17), 2409. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172409
Zeng, X., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2023). Generate Greater gratitude when being help? A study of the psychological mechanism of gratitude for Chinese poor college students. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18(4), 1875–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10166-z
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2025-10-13
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