Status Perkawinan Orang Tua dan Gender sebagai Prediktor Ide Bunuh Diri pada Remaja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30996/fn.v34i2.132712Keywords:
adolescent, divorced family, gender, suicide ideationAbstract
The incidence of adolescent suicide and the divorce rate in Indonesia have shown an increasing trend. However, research that comprehensively and directly compares suicidal ideation between adolescents from intact families and those from divorced families, as well as the role of gender in the Indonesian context, remains limited. This study aims to examine family structure and gender as predictors of suicidal ideation among adolescents. The respondents consisted of 1,496 adolescents aged 12–19 years, including both males and females, from intact and divorced families. Suicidal ideation was measured using a suicide-related item from the Children’s Depression Inventory, family structure was assessed through demographic questions regarding parental marital status, and gender was determined using a demographic question on participants’ sex. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents from divorced families exhibited higher levels of suicidal ideation compared to those from intact families. Female adolescents reported higher suicidal ideation than male adolescents. The model explained only 10.6% of the variance in suicidal ideation, indicating the need for further research to explore additional factors influencing suicidal ideation beyond family structure and gender.
Downloads
References
Amato, P. R. (1993). Children’s Adjustment to Divorce: Theories, Hypotheses, and Empirical Support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.2307/352954
Amato, P. R. (2000). The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269–1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x
Auersperg, F., Vlasak, T., Ponocny, I., & Barth, A. (2019). Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health – A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 119, 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.011
Boyd, D. T., Quinn, C. R., Jones, K. V., & Beer, O. W. J. (2022). Suicidal ideations and Attempts Within the Family Context: The Role of Parent Support, Bonding, and Peer Experiences with Suicidal Behaviors. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 9(5), 1740–1749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01111-7
Darvishi, N., Poorolajal, J., Azmi-Naei, B., & Farhadi, M. (2024). The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Journal of Research in Health Sciences (Vol. 24, Issue 2). Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2024.144
DeAnda, J. S., Langlais, M. R., Anderson, E. R., & Greene, S. M. (2020). After the Marriage Is Over: Mothers’ Separation Distress and Children’s Postdivorce Adjustment. Family Relations, 69(5), 1113–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12434
Engfer, A. (1988). The interrelatedness of marriage and the mother-child relationship (R. A. Hinde & J. S. Hinde, Eds.).
Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 108–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
Fauber, R., Forehand, R., Thomas, A. M. C., & Wierson, M. (1990). A Mediational Model of the Impact of Marital Conflict on Adolescent Adjustment in Intact and Divorced Families: The Role of Disrupted Parenting. Child Development, 61(4), 1112–1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02845.x
Forehand, R., Thomas, A. M. C., Wierson, M., Brody, G., & Fauber, R. (1990). Role of Maternal Functioning and Parenting Skills in Adolescent Functioning Following Parental Divorce. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99(3), 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.99.3.278
Gerard, J. M., Franck, K., Buehler, C., & Anderson, O. (2005). In the eyes of the beholder: Cognitive appraisals as mediators of the association between interparental conflict and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.19.3.376
GoodStats. (2024). Angka kasus bunuh diri di Indonesia meningkat 60% dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Https://Goodstats.Id/Article/Angka-Kasus-Bunuh-Diri-Di-Indonesia-Meningkat-60-Dalam-5-Tahun-Terakhir.
Hilton, J. M., & Devall, E. L. (1998). Journal of Divorce & Comparison of Parenting and Children’ s Behavior in Single-MotheR, Single- Father, and Intact Families. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 29(3/4), 23–54. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v29n03
Indonesian Association for Suicide Prevention. (2022). Statistik Bunuh Diri. Https://Inasp.or.Id/Statistik-Bunuh-Diri/.
Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press.
Karisma, N. W. P. C., & Fridari, I. G. A. D. (2021). Gambaran Pengembangan Ide Bunuh Diri Menuju Upaya Bunuh Diri. Psikobuletin:Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v2i1.9904
Kincaid, C., Jones, D. J., Cuellar, J., & Gonzalez, M. (2011). Psychological Control Associated with Youth Adjustment and Risky Behavior in African American Single Mother Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-010-9383-6
Lamela, D., & Figueiredo, B. (2017). Parents’ Marital Status and Child Physical Abuse Potential: The Mediation of Depression Symptoms. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(4), 1068–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0622-3
Lan, X. (2021). Disengaged and highly harsh? Perceived parenting profiles, narcissism, and loneliness among adolescents from divorced families. Personality and Individual Differences, 171(July 2020), 110466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110466
Miranda-Mendizabal, A., Castellví, P., Parés-Badell, O., Alayo, I., Almenara, J., Alonso, I., Blasco, M. J., Cebrià, A., Gabilondo, A., Gili, M., Lagares, C., Piqueras, J. A., Rodríguez-Jiménez, T., Rodríguez-Marín, J., Roca, M., Soto-Sanz, V., Vilagut, G., & Alonso, J. (2019). Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Public Health, 64(2), 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1
Murry, V. M. B., Bynum, M. S., Brody, G. H., Willert, A., & Stephens, D. (2001). African American single mothers and children in context: A review of studies on risk and resilience. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(2), 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011381114782
Obeid, S., Al Karaki, G., Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Soufia, M., Hallit, R., Salameh, P., & Hallit, S. (2021). Association between parental divorce and mental health outcomes among Lebanese adolescents: results of a national study. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02926-3
Park, E., & Park, S. (2025). Gender-specific predictors of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among adolescents. Current Psychology, 44(18), 15157–15167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08276-y
Perquier, F., Hetrick, S., Rodak, T., Jing, X., Wang, W., Cost, K. T., Szatmari, P., & Aitken, M. (2021). Association of parenting with suicidal ideation and attempts in children and youth: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01727-0
Polanco-Roman, L., Gomez, J., Miranda, R., & Jeglic, E. (2016). Stress-Related Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation: The Roles of Rumination and Depressive Symptoms Vary by Gender. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(5), 606–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9782-0
Prades-Caballero, V., Navarro-Pérez, J. J., & Carbonell, Á. (2025). Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review Using the Socio-Ecological Model. Community Mental Health Journal, 61(4), 612–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-024-01368-2
Repetti, R. L. (1987). Linkages between work and family roles. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 7, 98–127.
Sears, M. S., Repetti, R. L., Reynolds, B. M., Robles, T. F., & Krull, J. L. (2016). Spillover in the Home: The Effects of Family Conflict on Parents’ Behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12265
Shimkowski, J. R., Punyanunt-Carter, N., Colwell, M. J., & Norman, M. S. (2018). Perceptions of Divorce, Closeness, Marital Attitudes, Romantic Beliefs, and Religiosity Among Emergent Adults From Divorced and Nondivorced Families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 59(3), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2017.1403820
Stack, S. (2021). Contributing factors to suicide: Political, social, cultural and economic. In Preventive medicine (Vol. 152, p. 106498). NLM (Medline). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106498
Toro, G. V. R., Arias, P., de la Torre-Luque, A., Singer, J. B., & Lagunas, N. (2025). Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Among Adolescents: Sex Differences and Future Perspectives. In Journal of Clinical Medicine (Vol. 14, Issue 10). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103446
Tullius, J. M., De Kroon, M. L. A., Almansa, J., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2022). Adolescents’ mental health problems increase after parental divorce, not before, and persist until adulthood: a longitudinal TRAILS study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 969–978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01715-0
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2010). The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
Wang, H., & Amato, P. R. (2000). Predictors of Divorce Adjustment: Stressors, Resources, and Definitions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(3), 655–668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00655.x
World Health Organization. (2023). Suicide worldwide in 2019: Global health estimates. Https://Www.Who.Int/Publications/i/Item/9789240026643.
Yang, Q., Hu, Y. Q., Zeng, Z. H., Liu, S. J., Wu, T., & Zhang, G. H. (2022). The Relationship of Family Functioning and Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Defeat and the Moderating Role of Meaning in Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315895
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ktut Dianovinina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
