Kebebasan Berpendapat Hukum dan HAM
Abstract
Dengan banyaknya perhatian yang tertunjukkepada perselisihan terhadap kebebasan
mengutarakan pendapat dan kebebasan berekspresi yang berkaitan dengan pidato, debat, dan
lain-lain,. Kebebasan mengemukakan pendapat dan berekpresi di era saat ini, terlebih lagi
kebebasan tersebut dijamin baik oleh instrument nasional dan internasiona, dianggap sebagai hak
yang paling penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bermasyarakat, jaminan bebas dan
intimidasi dan sebagai bentuk pemyiksaan dalam bentuk apapun, ialah juga merupakan bentuk
jaminan hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang ditegaskan di dalam dklarasi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)
PBB maupun peraturan perundang-undangan nasioal, namun, berbagai kasus kekerasan terhadap
demonstran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah (state actor) menjadi sorotan dimana-mana dari
banyak pihak. Setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan mengemukakan pendapat. Tetapi kebebasan
berpendapat itu juga tidak boleh merugikan atau menyenggol hak orang lain. Salah satu contoh
kebebasan mengemukakan pendapat yang menyenggol atau merugikan orang lain adalah
pencemaran nama baik, yang dimana pendapat yang dikemukakan dengan sengaja menyerang
atau merusak kehormatan maupun nama baik seseorang, dengan cara menuduh melakukan
perbuatan tertentu yang dengan maksud nyata diketahui umum yang dikenal penistaan. Tulisan
ini mencoba melihat bagai manaa sebetulnya kajian freedom of speech
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