PENCEMARAN LAUT AKIBAT TUMPAHAN BATU BARA DI LAUT MEULABOH DITINJAU DARI SUDUT HUKUM LINGKUNGAN
Abstract
Aceh Barat memiliki luas wilayah laut 12 mil meliputi 957,38 km2 dan garis pantai yang sedang 54,84 km. Secara administratif Kabupaten Aceh Barat terbagi atas 12 Kecamatan, 33 pemukiman, dan 322 desa. Polusi laut, berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No.19 / 1999 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran dan / atau Perusakan Laut: "Masuk atau pemasukan makhluk hidup, zat, energi, dan / atau komponen lain ke dalam lingkungan laut oleh manusia sehingga kualitasnya turun sampai batas tertentu yang menyebabkan lingkungan laut tidak lagi sesuai baku mutu dan / atau fungsinya”. Kegiatan penambangan menjadi salah satu penyebab lain terjadinya air laut pencemaran di Aceh Barat, baik kegiatan penambangan legal maupun ilegal yang saat ini sedang berlangsung. Salah satu yang paling fenomenal merupakan pertambangan batu bara yang sempat ramai diributkan warga Aceh Barat. Sampah yang mengandung polutan kemudian masuk ke pesisir dan ekosistem laut. Ada yang larut dalam air, ada yang terendam ke dasar dan terkonsentrasi ke sedimen, dan sebagian masuk ke dalam jaringan tubuh organisme laut (termasuk fitoplankton, ikan, udang, cumi-cumi, kerang, rumput laut dan lainnya). Kemudian polutan yang masuk ke dalam air diserap langsung oleh fitoplankton.
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