Efforts of Class IIA Pekanbaru Women’s Penitentiary in Fulfilling the Rights of Inmates to Interact with Family in The Covid-19 Pandemic

Most of the female prisoners in Pekanbaru Class IIA Women’s Penitentiary have children and families, but while having their sentences, they can’t interact with their children or families as usual. Most of them are mothers. Mothers play an important role in children’s development. The method used in this research is a qualitative method to analyze about how is the efforts of Pekanbaru woman’s penitentiary in optimizing the provision of inmates’ rights by interacting with family during covid-19 pandemic. The results of t his study are the efforts of Pekanbaru Class IIA Women’s Penitentiary on granting women’s right is not optimal, which is it is the same as in ordinary penitentiary. There is no special treatment for women in penitentiary even though the interaction with their families, especially their children is very important, considering the children will still need a mother figure. The conclusion of this research is women in penitentiary have a minimum interaction with their families, especially children, and it has the potential to cause children to commit deviate behavior. Based on social bond theory, there are four elements that influence children’s behavior, if any of these elements are not fulfilled then the children will deviate. The children will tend to have no attachment to their parents, especially mothers while the mother is in a penitentiary or prison, and it will cause children to commit delinquency


Introduction
In general, women are people who rarely commit crimes than men, this is driven by several factors such as women tend to be considered less physically strong.Sujarwa revealed that the "dignity" of women themselves is heavily influenced by their socio-economic abilities and human behavior, this is shown in the social phenomenon that often occurs in society.The existence of a bad socio-economic condition and a low level of faith causes them to do actions that deviate from the existing norms (Sujarwa 2001).Being in prison or penitentiary is an unpleasant situation for everyone, especially women.Women who are in prison are based on various legal reasons.This situation requires adaptation for them.According to Bakhtiar, a penitentiary is a legal entity that becomes a vehicle for rehabilitation development activities, both physical and spiritual development.In addition, the penitentiary is also a training center that helps improve the quality of the inmates.Where inmates are fostered, so that they can realize their mistakes, and are able to improve themselves and it is hoped that their mistakes will not be repeated and will later be accepted into the community when they have left the penitentiary (Dahirsan 2021).Baharuddin Soerjobroto said convicts are people who have committed criminal acts or who have behaved dangerously for the safety and security of others, who have been sentenced by judges or actions that have been handed over to the Directorate General of Corrections to carry out decisions (Ramadhini and Rinaldi 2023).
The existence of women's penitentiary aims to shape correctional inmates to become fully human, aware of mistakes, improve themselves, be independent, and not repeat crimes so that they can be accepted again by the community, can play an active role in development,t and can live normally as good and responsible citizens (Saraswaty and Dewi 2020).The life of inmates is full of psychological stress, the length of time in prison adds to the stressors, especially for women (Elpinar and others 2019).The situation for women in prison or penitentiary is different from men, especially when they have families, children or pregnant.Women who commit crimes will go through the criminal justice system, namely correctional institutions, where the treatment of male and female inmates is different because female inmates have inherent natural rights, such as women experience menstruation, pregnant, give birth and breastfeed their children, so that this difference also affects the system pattern of implementing the fulfillment of rights that differs between male and female inmates.Human rights are an important foundation in ensuring the protection of the rights of prisoners, including their rights to interact with their families.International legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international Human Rights Conventions can be used as references to assess whether the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary has met the standards of protecting these rights.
Based on research, around two-thirds of women in prison identify as the parents of at least one dependent child (Lobo and Howard 2021).When women go to prison, especially those with children, they are at high risk of losing custody of their children, both formally and informally (Dowell and others 2018).Despite the increse of women in prison or penitentiary historically made up a low proportion of total prison or penitentiary population, so the models of criminal justice have generally been developed to suit the needs of men only (Bartels and others 2020).
Women in prison have a specific set of gender needs and different paths into prison (Stathopoulus and Quadara, 2014).Women are a very marginalized group (Baldry 2010), who often have a history of childhood abuse, violence, mental health and substance abuse (Abbott and others 2017).Regulations related to women's rights in detention have actually been adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2018, known as The Bangkok Rules.In The Bangkok Rules, there are some rules about women in prison or penitentiary, the rules are as follows: 1. Inmates who have children can care for them in prisons or correctional institution/facility until the child is 2 years old, and the child is recorded; 2. There are facilities for inmates who have children in prison, such as a special breastfeeding room and a child-friendly room; 3. Availability of proper sanitation rooms to meet personal hygiene needs, such as all cells must have sufficient water supply, toilets and others must be in clean and good condition.4. Availability of health facilities (doctors and polyclinics) for all convicts including children brought in, and every convict is given the same right to have a health check or hospitalization at the prison polyclinic and their medical history is guaranteed to be confidential; 5. Fulfillment of proper food and drinking water.
The regulation in the Bangkok Rules about women or female inmates is should have become a concern for government in order to create fulfillment and guarantees of human rights for all citizens, including female inmates.O'Malley and Devaney say that prison has a negative impact on women in the context of motherhood, homelessness and employment (O'Malley and Devaney 2019).According to Tyler, women serving time in prison are five times more likely to experience mental health difficulties than women in general (Tyler and others 2019).
Based on research conducted by Fazel the prevalence rate for psychotic illness among women living in prison is estimated to be 3.9%, major depression 14.1%, alcohol abuse 10%-24%, and drug abuse 30%-60% (Fazel and others 2016).Baranyi also noted that women in prison also experience stress disorders with a percentage of 21.1% (Baranyi and others 2018).
Most female convicts or inmates at the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary have children and families, but while serving their sentence in a correctional facility they cannot interact with their children or their families as usual.The mother plays a very important role in the child's development, so even though the mother is in a penitentiary, it will be very important for the child if she continues to interact with her mother.Inmates who are in prison, aged 20-60 years, which means that currently they are generally experiencing a developmental stage to play a role as a wife and mother.Their presence in prison disrupts their developmental tasks.In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has made it more difficult for inmates to meet their families.For the mother, one of the hardest punishments that accompanies imprisonment is separation from the children.There are many mothers who become an inmate is living with their children before and main caregiver for their children before (Parke and Clarke 2002).
During the current pandemic, inmates especially at the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary have also been affected by  Based on what was quoted from riauonline.co.id, there are 85 inmates at the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Prison who are positive for COVID-19 which are divided into 11 rooms, each isolation room filled with five to ten inmates (riauonline.co.id).So that the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic often make it difficult for prisoners, especially in terms of interacting with their families, this causes the rights of prisoners not to be fulfilled in accordance with Law no.22 of 2022 concerning Corrections Article 9 so that the role of prisons is very important here in facilitating the interaction of prisoners with their families so that relations with families are maintained properly.Based on the background above, the researcher intends to conduct research related to how the efforts made by the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary in optimizing the granting of convicts' rights in interacting with their families in the COVID-19 era are viewed from a legal perspective.

Method Research
The method used in this study is the normative-empirical method.To achieve a deeper understanding, the normative-empirical research method is a very relevant and effective approach.This method combines normative and empirical aspects in the process of collecting and analyzing data, thus enabling researchers to explore and analyze the interactions holistically between law and social reality (Salloch and others 2012).
Normative-empirical research aims to combine the power of normative analysis based on legal principles with an understanding based on empirical data.This approach allows researchers to understand and explain how law is applied in a wider social context, as well as identify potential tensions between what is regulated in legal norms and the reality on the ground (Christiani 2016).Thus, the normative-empirical research method provides a richer and more comprehensive insight into the complexity of the relationship between law, norms and social reality.
In using normative-empirical research methods, researchers will combine normative literature with empirical data collection and analysis.A review of normative literature involves an in-depth understanding of laws, regulations, theories, and legal principles relevant to the research topic.Meanwhile, empirical data collection may involve the use of various methods, such as surveys, interviews, observation, or analysis of secondary data.
In the context of the efforts made by the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary to optimize the granting of rights to assistance in interacting with their families in the COVID-19 era, normative-empirical methods can be applied by conducting an analysis of relevant legal provisions, such as the Criminal Code, laws on correctional institutions, and specific regulations for the operation of correctional institutions.Identify the rights of incarcerated individuals and their families, including the right to communication, privacy, and health.In addition, it also analyzes how these rights must be upheld and protected in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In this study, researchers collected empirical data to understand the actual implementation of rights in Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary during the COVID-19 era.This can involve conducting interviews or surveys with the targeted individuals, their families, and staff members of the correctional facility.In addition, information is collected regarding the challenges faced by individual targets in maintaining communication with their families, the impact of visitation scandals, and measures implemented to ensure the health and well-being of all parties involved.There are several data collection techniques carried out in this study, namely as follows: 1. Observation Observation is the basic method used to obtain data in qualitative research (Ostrov and Hart 2013).Observations were made by monitoring and describing the conditions in the Class IIA Women's Penitentiary Pekanbaru.The focus of observation lies in how the efforts of the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary in optimizing the granting of convicts' rights in interacting with their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Interview
Interview according to Moleong is a meeting between two people to exchange information and ideas through question and answer (Moleong 2013).Interviews are required to clarify the information obtained.Interviews were conducted with a list of questions aimed at exploring and obtaining information related to the research being conducted.These questions were asked to the head of the Women's Correctional Institution, Desi Andriyani.

Documentation
Documentation is an amalgamation of data sets.Documentation was obtained from observations, interviews, field notes and files from research institutions or places.The types of documentation obtained in this study are in the form of photos, videos, files or documents and sound recordings.
In conducting data analysis in this study, researchers used an analysis of normative findings and empirical data to identify the importance or discrepancy between the legal framework and its practical implementation.The analysis was carried out by comparing the rights granted in the legal framework with the actual experiences and conditions faced by difficulties and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Women in Prison
Women in prison have a specific set of gender needs and different paths into prison z (Stathopoulus and Quadara, 2014).Based on research, around two-thirds of women in prison identify as the parents of at least one dependent child (Lobo and Howard 2021).When women go to prison, especially those with very high-risk children, they lose custody of their children, both formally and informally (Dowell and others 2018).Many women in prison are mothers, and they have children under the age of 18, and women in prison are often the heads of families or single parents (Atabay 2009).Correctional institutions or penitentiary or better known as prisons are Technical Implementation Units under the auspices of the Directorate General of Corrections, Ministry of Law and Human Rights.Inhabitants of correctional institutions in the form of (tahabab) or convicts/citizens or those whose status is still in power, meaning that those concerned are still in the legal circle and their responsibilities have not been resolved or not by the judge.Government employees who handle and provide guidance to detainees and convicts in correctional institutions are referred to as correctional officers, or formerly called prison supervisors (Rinaldi and Andriyus 2016).
The rights of inmates or convicts have actually been regulated in the Correctional Law Article 9, as follows: a. Perform worship according to religion and belief b.Get treatment, both spiritual and physical c.Get education and teaching d.Get proper health and food services e. Submit a complaint f.Get reading material and follow other media broadcasts that are not prohibited g.Get a chance to assimilate h.Get wages or premiums for the work done i. Receive family visits, legal advisors or certain people j.Get remission k.Get parole l.Get leave before release m.Get other rights in accordance with applicable laws.
Based on the author's analysis, the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred at the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary has limited interaction between convicts and their families, this has resulted in the non-fulfillment of one of the convicts' rights, namely the right to receive visits from family, legal counsel or certain persons, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.19 which are rife in the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary.Based on interviews obtained from the Pekanbaru Class IIA Women's Penitentiary, it was stated that the Pekanbaru Class IIA Women's Penitentiary also participated in limiting visits and conducting visits in the form of virtual visits for inmates who wish to contact their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.
By looking at this, when viewed from the national criminal law, namely Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections regulates the procedures for administering correctional facilities, including the protection and fulfillment of the rights of correctional inmates.Pekanbaru Class IIA Women's Penitentiary complies with these legal provisions in optimizing the granting of convicts' rights to interact with their families even during the COVID-19 pandemic.This includes providing the necessary facilities and equipment to facilitate communication, namely in the form of mobile phones for virtual visits for inmates so they can communicate with their families, providing clear and transparent information to inmates and their families regarding applicable policies and procedures, and providing protection adequate psychosocial support.So, even though convicts are restricted from meeting their families, virtual visits and so on are needed so that convicts can still communicate with their families because the impact on women serving prison terms is very large compared to male convicts.This is supported by Lindsey's research saying that even the effects of a short prison sentence can be devastating to female prisoners, especially those who are single caregivers or single parents of their children.With women entering correctional institutions or prisons with a high risk of losing their homes and jobs after entering prison, when a mother is in prison, and the family is absent or "dissolved", a substitute mother or child caretaker must be available immediately.The extended family can fulfill this role and the state provides it for children as well.Research shows that children of incarcerated parents are at greater risk of being imprisoned in the future (Ashdown and James 2010).
A woman whose child has been placed in the care of the state or another person is usually unable to reclaim custody of her unless she has accommodations and the means to support her family.This can result in extended or permanent family dislocation (Ashdown and James 2010).The principle of 'best interests of the child' is generally considered a sound basis for decisions to allow children to live with their mothers in prison.There are no rules in international instruments as to whether children can live with their parents in detention or the age at which they can do so.As a result, many countries have developed age-specific policies, these policies often permit children up to the age of two, but children up to the age of twelve are long permitted in some jurisdictions, such as Mexico.Some children entering the facility are eliminated because they were with their parents when the latter was taken into custody/internment and no other arrangement was possible (Ashdown and James 2010).
However, children who are in prison may not be able to associate with children outside the prison or have access to community facilities such as shops, markets, animals and open spaces.Moreover, health services in prisons/detention centers are usually not dedicated to children's health needs, and educational materials and games are generally limited.The restricted and often harsh and punishing prison environment can permanently damage the psychological and mental well-being of the children there (Atabay 2009).As stated above, ideally pregnant women and women with small children should not be detained but, where this is the case, children are entitled to medical care and education as well as food and water, and they should not be treated as prisoners.
In Meda Chesney-Lind's writings on Jeff Farrell and Neil Websdale (1999) the concept of "Demonizing" Violent Girls and "Women" explains how the construction of women who commit crimes is explained by the media or society.In her writing, Meda explains how the media or society play a role in constructing women both as victims and women as perpetrators of crimes.The construction of women described in this text is not only carried out by the mass media in reporting on the perpetrators of crimes committed by women.More specifically how the media and society describe women who are harassed for violating the law, where women act as perpetrators.It is associated with the image of a woman who must be kind and wellbehaved.
In addition, Meda also explained how the position of women as perpetrators of law violations must be seen as equal to other perpetrators of delinquency.Women's constructs in general are depicted in subtle, well-behaved manners (Rinaldi 2017).When committing crimes, women look out of their supposed behavior and are then considered very evil.Women who enter prisons based on what has been explained in the concept of "Demonizing" Violent Girls and Women are considered evil, because crimes are usually identical to men then when a woman enters prison they will be considered evil, and will be cornered and cursed because women are not required to to be well-behaved and refined.

Interaction of Women in Peninentiary with Families
Social interaction is an important aspect of social relations.Despite their centrality, there is a lack of standardized approaches to systematizing social interactions.This interaction can be seen as a meeting between at least two people where they pay attention to each other and adjust their behavior in response to each other (Hoppler and others 2021).Bosco drew the conclusion that people articulate the relevant aspects of their life experiences, meaning that they describe all the relevant aspects for a comprehensive understanding of an experience (Bosco and others 2004).Consequently, descriptions of social interaction tell us what people find meaningful when they communicate their social experiences (Grice 1975) The use of feelings, thoughts and desires in reacting to the surrounding environment is the reason for the formation of a group or a society.Basically humans have the instinct to communicate with each other.This ongoing relationship then creates a social pattern known as interaction (Rinaldi and others 2022).Based on the results of the research that has been done, the results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Optimizing the efforts of the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary, namely by providing visits from Monday to Friday, specifically for the families of prisoners who want to see or visit their families.However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face visits were limited and alternatives were carried out with virtual visits.The inmates interviewed were as follows: Based on the research results obtained, according to the author's analysis, efforts to grant the rights of female inmates in the Pekanbaru Women's Prison have been maximally carried out, but the pandemic that occurred has become an obstacle faced by the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary (see table 1).Visits that are usually made were limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, even though the interaction of female prisoners with their families, especially their children, is very important to do, considering that the children of these prisoners still need a mother figure.Mother is the most important role in the family in the growth and development of children.Desai (1994) defines the notion of family as a unit consisting of two or more people who are united by marriage, blood relationship, adoption or consual union, which are generally discussed related to the household.As well as interact and communicate with each other.More specifically, the family is defined as the dependence of individuals on each other, in which they live and eat together (Sharma 2013).Stack defines the family as the smallest, organized, small network of relatives and non-kin, living for a long time and interacting with each other on a daily basis, to provide for the household needs of children and ensure their survival (Stack 1996).According to Rothausen, there are several types of family, which includes people related by marriage or biological, or adoption, and also includes people who have bonds of affection, obligation, dependence on each other or cooperation (Rothausen 1999).
Based on the author's analysis, Pekanbaru Women's Penitenriary needs to have clear internal policies and guidelines related to granting the rights of correctional inmates to interact with their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.This document covers procedures for virtual visits, use of communication technology, guarantees of confidentiality, and privacy protection for inmates of correctional facilities.Previously, in order to receive visiting services, convicts could meet with their families or certain other people face to face in prisons/detention centers.However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, visiting services have been carried out online for an unspecified time limit.This was carried out as a progressive step in tackling the spread of COVID-19 in prisons.So a circular was issued with the number PAS-20.PR.12.12 of 2020 at point d stating that, "ordered the Head of Detention Center, the Head of Penitentiary and the Head of Child Penitentiary, to carry out visiting services and educational activities for children in Child Penitentiary by optimizing information technology-based facilities (video calls)".
In providing online visit services, the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary provides alternative facilities such as virtual visits so that inmates' visitation rights are still realized during the COVID-19 pandemic.This is in accordance with Article 9 point I in Law no.22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, which states that convicts have the right to accept or refuse visits from family, advocates, companions and the community.If examined, the efforts made by the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary have been maximally carried out, such as by having virtual visits, but virtual visits are not routinely held, so this has not fully guaranteed the fulfillment of the rights of inmates at the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In providing online visit services, Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary provides alternative facilities such as virtual visits so that inmates' visitation rights are still fulfilled during the COVID-19 pandemic.This is in accordance with Article 9 point I of Law no.22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, which states that convicts have the right to accept or refuse family visits, advocates, companions, and the community.If you look closely, the efforts made by the Class IIA Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary have been maximally carried out such as by conducting virtual visits, but virtual visits are not routinely carried out, so this has not fully guaranteed the fulfillment of the rights of prisoners at the Class IIA Women's Penitentiary Pekanbaru during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1part from Law No. 22 of 2022, Law no.39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights regulates human rights in Indonesia, one of which is the rights of prisoners who are included in the scope of human rights protection.Some of the rights guaranteed in this law include the right to self-protection, dignity, personal freedom, not to be tortured or treated cruelly, as well as the right to justice and equality before the law.Article 18 Law no.39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights states that "Everyone has the right to relate to his family, whether inside or outside the country, and has the right to obtain protection from the state in exercising this right".
Article 18 in Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights emphasizes the right of including inmates, to maintain relationships with their families.This right includes relationships with families inside and outside the country.This article also confirms that the state has an obligation to provide protection to individuals in exercising this right.In the context of correctional inmates, Article 18 can be interpreted that they have the right to interact and maintain relationships with their families.Although there are restrictions that may be applied in the context of correctional institutions, this right must still be recognized and respected.Governments are responsible for ensuring that these rights are not arbitrarily deprived or unjustly limited.
In the legal context, it is important to ensure that there is oversight and accountability for the efforts of the Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary in optimizing the provision of the rights of correctional inmates.Internal and external monitoring mechanisms, such as inspection and evaluation by correctional authorities and non-governmental organizations.In carrying out efforts to optimize the provision of the rights of prisoners in interacting with families in the COVID-19 era, Pekanbaru Women's Penitentiary needs to ensure compliance with the law and uphold human rights, and work closely with related institutions to achieve these goals.Pekanbaru Women's Prison needs to collaborate with related institutions, such as the Correctional Service and the Correctional and Child Protection Agency (BAPAS), to ensure good coordination in efforts to optimize the provision of the rights of correctional inmates.This collaboration is important to ensure compliance with the law, share information, and update policies and procedures in accordance with developments in the COVID-19 pandemic situation.However, based on the author's analysis, even though there are alternative visits such as online visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, this is certainly not comparable to the usual face-to-face visits.
The role of the mother is a very important role in raising children, but this cannot be maximized when the mother is in prison serving her detention period, moreover with restrictions on visits making it difficult for children to get the role of mother.So in the end, losing a mother figure in childcare will have an impact on children's behavior, children who have lost a mother figure will tend to commit delinquency.This is in accordance with the Social Bond theory, which in this theory assumes that people will deviate unless they are socially constrained by bonds that exist in a society.According to Travis Hirschi, there are four elements of social bonds or social bonds in every society, namely: 1. Attachment is an individual's ability to involve theirself with others.An example is the attachment of individuals to parents.2. Commitment, namely individual attachment to conventional subsystems, such as school, work, organization and so on.
3. Involvement, namely the involvement of a person in certain activities so that the possibility of committing deviant acts becomes smaller.4. Belief, or belief in existing moral values, so that this leads to compliance with existing norms, if individuals do not have trust, it tends to be easier to commit various deviations.
In the case of children of female inmates, they will be more likely to commit delinquency due to the loss a mother figure, children of female inmates will tend not to have an attachment to their parents, especially mothers, with the loss of attachment and affection from the mother will cause the child to commit delinquency.So actually the child's attachment or interaction with the mother must always be maintained considering this has an impact on the child's future behavior.However, the problem is often when serving a sentence in prison, female inmates have limited access to meet their children, so often the children of convicts end up being delinquent, one of the contributing factors is in accordance with social bond theory, namely due to the loss of attachment elements or parental attachment to their children, resulting in delinquency or delinquency behavior.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented serious challenges in maintaining the health and well-being of prisoners, while maintaining their social and family ties.During the COVID-19 pandemic, many correctional facilities faced limitations in providing these rights.However, Pekanbaru Women's Prison is trying to overcome this challenge and protect the rights of correctional inmates.Pekanbaru Women's Penitetiary has made significant efforts in optimizing the provision of correctional inmates' rights in interacting with families during the COVID-19 era.Through adjusting policies and procedures, cooperating with external parties, and handling existing challenges, they have tried to maintain the health and well-being of penitentiary inmates while maintaining social and family ties.Most female convicts or inmates in correctional institutions have children and families, but while serving their sentences in correctional institutions they cannot interact with their children or their families as usual.The mother plays a very important role in the child's development, so even though the mother is in a penitentiary, it is very important for the child to continue to interact with her mother.It is important to continue to evaluate and improve these efforts to ensure that the rights of penitentiary inmates are properly fulfilled during this pandemic.
One of the efforts made by Pekanbaru Woman's Penitentiary is to find an alternative visit to a virtual visit so that the rights of inmates are implemented in accordance with Law no.22 of 2022 which states that every convict has the right to accept or refuse visits from family, advocates, companions and the community.Based on the research that has been done, the rights of fostered citizens, especially in Article 9 point I of Law no.22 of 2022 has been well implemented.However, on the other hand, even though visits continued during the COVID-19 pandemic, they could not replace the direct interaction that occurred between inmates and their families.In the case of daughters of female convicts, they will be more likely to commit delinquency due to the loss of a mother figure.Based on social bond theory by Travis Hirschi, there are four elements that influence children's behavior, if any of these elements are not fulfilled then the child will deviate.Children of female convicts will tend to have no attachment to parents, especially mothers, with the loss of attachment and affection from mothers will cause children to commit delinquency.So actually the child's attachment or interaction with the mother must always be maintained considering this has an impact on the child's future behavior.

Table 1 .
2. Provide comfortable visiting rooms for prisoners and families of prisoners and virtual visits to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic The number of convicts living in Pekanbaru Woman Penitentiary for the 2020-2022 period is shown in the table below: Number of Inmates During Covid 19 Source: Pekanbaru Women'sPenitentiary, 2022

Table 2 .
Interviews with female inmates in 2022