https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/parafrase <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>PARAFRASE: Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan dan Kesasatraan</strong> is biannual peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Faculty of Cultural Science, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. The journal encourages original articles on various issues within Language and Literary Studies, which include but are not limited to philosophy, literature, linguistics, anthropology, history, cultural studies, Japanese studies, arts, and information science focusing on Indonesian cultural studies and research. <strong>PARAFRASE: Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan dan Kesasatraan</strong> accepts to publish a balanced composition of high-quality theoretical or empirical research articles, comparative studies, case studies, review papers, exploratory papers, and book reviews. All accepted manuscripts will be published either online and in printed journal.</p> Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya en-US PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan 0854-6126 <p>Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign a Copyright Assignment Form. In signing the form, it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form has been received.It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or license the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to email <a href="mailto:jurnalparafrase@untag-sby.ac.id">jurnalparafrase@untag-sby.ac.id</a>. . This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.</p> https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/parafrase/article/view/12661 Islam provides guidelines on wages in various activities, one of which is ruqyah treatment. Some scholars allow the acceptance of wages on condition that there is a reasonable tariff agreement between the two parties, so that tariffs that burden the patient are unacceptable. This study aims to 1) analyze the phenomenon of commodification in ruqyah practices on social media, 2) explain the impact of commodification of ruqyah practices on social media. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with virtual ethnographic analysis. This study uses the commodification theory initiated by Karl Marx in 1867. This study fills the gap in previous studies by offering a new perspective on the relationship between technology, commodification, and spiritual medicine in Islam. Unlike previous studies that focused on traditional ruqyah, this study highlights changes in ruqyah practices in cyberspace and their impact on people's spiritual understanding. The results of this study indicate that the commodification of ruqyah, although providing easy access and increasing the visibility of spiritual medicine, risks changing the essence and main purpose of ruqyah itself. Socially, this paid practice can affect the relationship between practitioners and patients, create inequality, and change people's perceptions of spiritual values in medicine. Spiritually, commodification has the potential to reduce the depth of understanding and application of ruqyah in a religious context. This study offers important insights into the dynamics between technology, commercialization, and spiritual practices in contemporary society. Talitha Afifah Edi Dwi Riyanto Nadya Afdholy ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-05-21 2025-05-21 25 1 1 11 10.30996/parafrase.v25i1.12661 https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/parafrase/article/view/13159 The difference between the writing and pronunciation of the final consonants in Korean language has been considered as one of the causes that makes students learning Korean as a foreign language (KFL) find it difficult to pronounce Korean words correctly. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to investigate the beginner students’ pronunciation of the final consonants in Korean. Data were collected from 15 students of the Korean Language Education Department, FPBS, UPI, who were asked to pronounce 10 Korean words with final consonants. PRAAT application was used to analyze pronunciation errors. The results show that the percentage of final consonant error pronunciation is 37%. Based on the analysis, participanting students who have high GPA, knowledge of pronunciation theory, and Indonesian as a native language pronounced final consonants better. The data also shows that students’ knowledge of vocabulary was not always linear with pronunciation realization. It depended on the phonological and morphological environments of the vocabulary. These analysis results were then used to inform the design of our flipped classroom model for the implementation of blended learning on Korean final consonant pronunciation. Asma Azizah Velayeti Nurfitriana Ansas ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-05-21 2025-05-21 25 1 12 28 10.30996/parafrase.v25i1.13159 https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/parafrase/article/view/131836 Symbolism, as a key literary device, allows authors to convey deeper meanings through objects, characters, and events, enriching the narrative and engaging readers on an emotional and intellectual level. This article explores the use of symbolism in three modernist short stories: Sherwood Anderson’s “Hands”, James Joyce’s “Clay”, and Ernest Hemingway’s “Cat in the Rain”. The research employs a qualitative descriptive design with a focus on textual analysis. The analysis is guided by theories of symbolism, psychoanalysis, and postcolonial criticism, supported by scholarly sources. Through close reading and thematic categorization, the study identifies symbols found in three short stories. Hands’ symbolisms are emotional expression, social misunderstanding and condemnation, and connection and isolation. Clay has the symbolisms of death and stagnation, disappointment and invisibility, and forgotten dreams. Cat in the Rain, on the other hand, contains symbolisms such as unfulfilled desire and emotional need, confinement and disconnection, and femininity and identity. The findings of this study show that symbolism in the three short stories not only functions as an aesthetic element, but also as a means to reveal the characters' inner conflicts and subtle social criticism. The symbols enrich the reader's understanding of the themes of loneliness, identity search, and social injustice at the core of modernist narratives. In conclusion, the use of symbolism in these works is effective in conveying complex messages that transcend the boundaries of the text, and demonstrates how modernist literature responds to social change and individual psychological conditions in a profound and meaningful way. Anik Cahyaning Rahayu Susie Chrismalia Garnida Sudarwati Sudarwati ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 25 1 29 45 10.30996/parafrase.v25i1.131836