PENGARUH VARIABEL BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) WILAYAH JAWA-BALI
Abstract
This research is done of PDAM Java-Bali region, concerning to the title of the Influence Analysis of culture toward job satisfaction and corporate performance.
The amount if samples in this research is about 324 Directors of PDAM Java-Bali Area, by its analysis unit on the organizational level of PDAM cover the 3 directors : Prime director, General Director and Technical director of 114 offices of PDAM. Data is collected by using media questionnaire. Technique of Analysis used in this research is based on structured Equation Modelling by using AMOS 6th version software.
The result shows the findings of : The Organization values have positive and significant influences toward the job satisfaction; The organization climate has positive and significant influences toward the job satisfaction; The attention to detail has a positive but not significant influence toward the job satisfaction: The outcome orientation has a positive but not significant influences toward the job satisfaction; The team orientation has negative and non significant influences toward the job satisfaction; The aggressiveness has positive and significant influences toward the job satisfaction; The organization values have positive and significant influences toward the corporate performance The Organization Climate has negative and non significant influences toward the corporate performance; The attention to detail has positive and not significant influences toward the corporate performances.
The team orientation has negative and non significant influences toward the corporate performance; the aggressiveness has positive and significant influences toward the corporate performance; job satisfaction has positive and significant influences toward the corporate performance. The result of this research also performs that over the job satisfaction, the organization values, organization climate, and aggressiveness have positive and significant influences toward the corporate performance.
These specific findings could be contributed to the development of corporate culture in order to increase the PDAM Job Satisfaction and Performance. It’s, therefore, the time to adopt and more pushing the organization values, organization. Climate and aggressiveness, as they become the corporate culture variables that fully supported to everybody among individual organization and society using the PDAM product.
Keywords : Corporate Culture, Job Satisfaction and Corporate Performance.Downloads
References
Andrew E and Robert, A. Ferris, 2003, “Corporate culture and Job Satisfaction ,†Journal of Applied Psychology Research, 12 (February), 63–77.
Arasy, A. (2002). Pengaruh budaya pimpinan, budaya individu dan budaya organisasi terhadap kreativitas kerja karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, Vol.2 No.3, 127-158
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2003. Manajemen Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
As’ad, Moh. 1995. Psikologi Industri. Edisi Keempat, Liberty, Yogyakarta.
Ashby, CF. 2000. Revitalize Your Corporate Culture. Houston, Texas: Cashman Dudley.
Baldock, E. , 1996, Human Resource Management and Company Performance, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20 (4) : 134-149.
Bambang, Hartono. (2006). “Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Kantor Pegadaian Kabupaten Wonogiri dengan Kepuasan kerja sebagai Variabel Interveningâ€, Tesis STIE-AUB Surakarta.
Becker, Brian., and Gerhart, Barry. 1996, The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance : Progress and Prospect, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39 (4).
Bowie, Norman. 1997, Organizational Theories, Some Criteria for evaluation, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 39 (4).
Brahmasari, I.A. 2005, Pengaruh variabel budaya perusahaan terhadap komitmen karyawan dan kinerja perusahaan kelompok penerbitan pers Jawa Pos, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
Brigman, 1955, Social Psychology. Second Edition, Harper Collins Publishers Inc. New York.
Bruhn, MD. and Steel, R.P. 1996, A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intension and employee turnover, Academy of Management Journal, 33 : 179-187.
Budiman, Maria Fransisca. 2005, Pengaruh Variabel Budaya Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan, Tesis, Untag 1945 Surabaya.
BUMN-RI (2007), Renstra BUMN Republik Indonesia, Diperoleh dari (http://id.bumn-ri.go.id ) diakses 15 Maret 2007).
Cascio, Wayne F., 1996, Managing Human Resources; Productivity, Quality of Worklife, Profits, 5th Edition, Mc Graw-hill Inc., New York.
Chatman, Jennifer., and Bersade., 1997, “Employee Satisfaction, Factor Associated With Company Performance†Journal of Applied Psychology. February, 29 - 24.
Cherrington, D.J. 1995. Organizational Behavior : The Management of Individual And organizational performance. Allyn and Bacon, Massachusetts.
………………….1989, The Management of Human Resources, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
Chien, Mien Huei. (2004). A study to Improve Organization Performance : A View from SHRM, The Journal of Amirican Academic of Business.
Christen, Markus. Ganesh Iyer, & David Soberman, 2006, Job Satisfaction, Corporate Performance, and Effort “ Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 70 (January 2006), 137–150.
Copeland, C.W. 1988, Phsychology of Employee Lateness , Absence and Turnover A Methodological and Empirical Study, Journal of Aplied Pshicology 68 : 213- 236.
Cooper, DR. Emory CW, 1995. Business Research Methods. 5th ed. New York: Richard D. Irwin.
Cox, T.H., and S. Blake, 1991, Managing Cultural Diversity : Implication for Organizational Competitiveness, Academy of Management Executive, 4 : 45-56.
Dartono, Umen. 2007, “Pengaruh budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja direktorat pengelolaan lahan otorita Batam†pada Universitas Airlangga Surabaya
Davis, Keith. and Newstrom,J., W., 1996, Perilaku dalam Organisasi, Terjemahan Cetakan Kedua, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Davis, Keith. 1989, Human Behaviour at Work : Organizational Behavior, 1st Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
Deal TE, Kennedy, AA. 2000. Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing.
Desler, Gary. 1997, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Cetakan ketiga, Penerbit Prenhallindo, Jakarta.
Dewi, Ade Fitria. 2002, “Pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Pelayaran teluk bajau cipta sejahtera Samarinda “. Tesis UMM Malang.
Djiko, Krivalda Djeinet. 2006, Pengaruh Beberapa Faktor Budaya Perusahaan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan PT. Hutama Prima di Jakarta, Theses of Airlangga University Surabaya.
Laksmidewi, Doli. 2005. Analisis Korelasi Budaya Organisasi Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Di Total E&P Indonesia, Unika Atma Jaya.
D’Sousa, Anthony. 2006, Proactive Visionary Leadership. Jakarta. Penerbit Trisewu.
Dwiyanto, Agus. 1999. Penilaian Kinerja Organisasi Pelayanan Publik, UNJ Jogja.
Edwin, Michelle. and Gail T., 1975, Managing by Communication : An organizational Approach, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 3, pp.14-24.
Elmuti, A.J. 1993, Atree-wave Longitudinal Analysis of The Causal Ordering of Satisfaction on Commitment on Turnover Decisions, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 ; 855-868.
Enggartiasto, 2000, Komitmen dan Keterlibatan Pekerja dalam Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Swa, EdisiVI-Maret : 13-15, Jakarta.
Engel, James L. Roger, D. Blackwell and Paul W., 1986. Perilaku Konsumen, Terjemahan, Edisi Keenam, Binarupa Aksara, Jakarta.
-------, 1995, Perilaku Konsumen, Edisi Kedelapan, Binarupa Aksara, Jakarta.
Ferdinand, Augusty. 2000, Structural Equation Modeling dalam Penelitian Manajemen, Ikatan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
………, 2002: Structural Equation Modelling dalam Penelitian Manajemen: Aplikasi Model-Model Rumit dalam Penelitian untuk Tesis Magister dan Disertasi Doktor. Edisi kedua, Semarang: BP Undip.
Firdaus, Taufik. 2007. Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Divisi Pharmaserve di PT. Combiphar Jakarta. UPI Bandung.
Foster, B.G. 1988, Application of social Learning theory to employee self management of Atedence, Journal of Aplied Pshycology, 72 (3) ; 586-601.
Fombrun, Charless J., 1992, Turning Point : Creating Strategic Change in Corporations, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Inc., New York.
Fendy, 2005. Hubungan Antara Iklim Organisasi dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan (Studi pada karyawan PT. Sinar Daku, Jakarta). Unika Atma Jaya.
Gibson, JL. Ivancevich, JM. Donnely Jr. JH, 1997. Organizations. 8th ed., Boston, Massachusetts: Irwin, Inc.
-------.1991. Organizations. 7th ed., Boston, Massachusetts: Irwin, Inc.
-------.1991. Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 6th ed, Texas: Business Publications Inc. Plano.
Gilbert, A. Churchill Jr. 2004, Job Satisfaction and Corporate Performance In The Public Sector “The Role of the Work Environment†University of North Carolina at Charlotte State University of New York at Albany.
Gittell, J. 2002. Relationships between service providers and their impact on customers. Journal of Service Research, 4: 299-311.
Gorda, Anak Agung Ngurah Oka Suryadinatha. 2006, Pengaruh Kualitas Manajer, Kepuasan kerja, dan Budaya Perusahaan Terhadap Komitmen dan Kinerja Manajer : Suatu Studi Terhadap Manajer Hotel Di Bali, Post Graduate Airlangga University
Gordon, JR. 1991, Organizational Behavior: A Diagnostic Approach, Allyn and Bacon, New York.
Hana, Catur. W. 2006, Kinerja organisasi dan kepuasan kerja merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mewujudkan budaya organisasi, Teknik Industri-UMSIDA.
Hall, R. 1992. The strategic analysis of resources. Strategic Management Journal, No.13, h. 125-143.
Hamdie, Taufiqurrahman. 2006. Hubungan Antara Iklim Organisasi Dengan Kepuasan kerja Bagi Karyawan RSUD.H.Boejasin Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan. Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
Handoko, T. Hani. 1992. Manajemen personalia dan Sumber Daya manusia. Edisi kedua, BPFE UGM, Yogyakarta.
Herzberg, Frederick. Mausner B., and Syinderman B., 1955, The Motivation of Work, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Hofstede, G. (1980) Motivation, leadership, and organization : do American theories apply abroad ? Organizational Dynamics Summer.
…………(1983) The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Bussines Studies Fall.
……….. (1984) Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management January.
………...1984. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Abridged edition, California: Sage Publications. Newbury Park.
Hotama, A. Sonny Nursutan. 2005, Pengaruh penganggaran partisipatif dan kepuasan kerja dengan motivasi dan kinerja manajerial terhadap kinerja organisasional Perusahaan Manufaktur di Jawa Timur, Surabaya Universitas Airlangga
Husein, Umar. 2002, Riset Pemasaran dan Perilaku Konsumen, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Husna, Siti Ainu Syukri. 2006, Kajian Keterkaitan Budaya Perusahaan Yang Diterapkan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan dan Kinerja (studi kasus pada PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, tbk., Kandatel Bandung) Industrial Engineering and Management ITB.
Indriantoro, Nur. dan Supomo, Bambang. 1999, Metedologi Penelitian Bisnis. Untuk Akuntansi & Manajemen, Edisi Pertama, BPFE, Jogjakarta.
Inststruksi Presiden Nomor. 7, Tahun 1999, tentang Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah.
Itami, H. and Roehl, T. 1987. Mobilizing Invisible Assets. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ivancevich, J.M., dan Michael Matteson, 1997, Organizational and Management Business, 5 th Edition, Publishing Inc., Texas.
Jatnika, 2008. Analisis Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kerja dan Komitmen Kerja Karyawan. Teknik Industri – ITB.
Jones, Gareth R.,1995. Organizational Theory: Text and Cases, A&M University, Texas
Johnston, AA. 1991, Parental leave : Is the bussines of bussines, Human Resources Planing, 13 : 119-131.
Kaplan, RS. and D.P. Norton. 1992. The Balanced Scorecard – Measure that drive performance. Harvard Business Review (January-february): 71-79.
Kotter, JP. Heskett, JL., 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The Free Press
Keban, T. Yeremias, 1995. Pengantar Administrasi Publik, MAP, UGM, Yogyakarta
Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara, Deputi bidang akuntabilitas aparatur (2005), Modul pelatihan penyusunan penetapan kinerja ,tim studi pengembangan sistem akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah jakarta, Menpan Mei 2005.
Keputusan Kepala Lembaga Administrasi Negara, Nomor. 589/IX/6/1999, tentang Pedoman Penyusunan Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah.
Keputusan Menteri BUMN No.100/Kep-100/MBU/2002, tentang Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Badan Usaha Milik Negara.
Kepmendagri No. 47 Tahun 1999. tentang Pedoman Penilaian Kinerja Perusahaan Daerah.
Kirk L, Rogga. 2001. Human Recources practices, Organizational Climate and Empoyee Satisfaction, Academy Of Management revew, July, 619 – 644.
Koesmono, H. Teman. 2005, Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Serta Kinerja Karyawan pada Sub Sektor Industri Pengolahan Kayu Ekspor di Jawa Timur, Disertasi Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,
Kreitner, R., 1989. Management. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Kreitner, R., Kinicki, A. 2003, Perilaku Organisasi (Terjemahan). Edisi Pertama. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Kurniawan, Agung. 2005, Transformasi Pelayanan Publik. Pembaruan. Yogyakarta
Locke, Edwin. A., 1975, Personnel Attitudes and Motivation, Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 26, pp. 457-480, 597-598.
Low, Jonathan. and Tony Siesfeld, 1998. Earnest And Young Center Of Business Innovation. Strategic Leadership Jornal. Lambridge, Massachusetts.
Luthans, F. 2000, Organizational Behavior. 9th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
…..……1997. Organizational Behavior. Thrid Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. New York.
Maholtra, N. 1996, Marketing Reasearch an Applied Orientation, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall International Inc., new Jersey.
Mardiasmo, 2001, Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Makalah (tidak diterbitkan)
Mangkunegara, A. P. 2001. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan (Cetakan Ketiga). Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya Offset.
............., 2005.Perilaku dan Budaya Organisasi, Cetakan Pertama, PT. Refika Aditama, Bandung,
Marcoulides, GA., Heck, RH. 1993. “Organizational Culture and Performance: Proposing and Testing a Modelâ€. Organization Science. 4(2):209-225
Mathis, Robert L., and Jackson, John H., 2001., Human Resource Management, 9th Edition, edisi terjemahan, Pustaka Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Milton, Charles. R., Human Behavior in Organization, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1981
Moeljono, Djokosantoso. 2003. Budaya Korporat dan Keunggulan Korporasi, Alex Media Komputindo, Jakarta.
Mondy, Wayne. and Noe, M. Robert, 1990, Human Resources Management, Fourth Edition, Allyn and Bacon, United States of America,.
Muchinsky, Paul M. 1997. Psychology Applied to work. First Edition, The Dorsey Press, Chicago.
Muluk, Khairul M.R. (2000)“ Budaya Organisasi Pelayanan Publik (Kasus pada Rumah Sakit X di Malang) “ PPS Unibraw
Murphy, B.G., Trailer, W.J., and Hill, C.R.1996. Measuring Performance in Organizational Level Analysis.Journal of Business Research., Vol. 36,15-23.
Nathalia, Maria. 2003. Hubungan Iklim Organisasi Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan PT. (Persero) Angkasa Pura Jakarta. Unika Atma Jaya.
Nimran, Umar. 1998. Perilaku Organisasi. Citra Media, Surabaya.
Pastin, 1986. The Hard Problem of Management. Jossey Bass Inc. California, USA.
Paul, R. Niven. 2005, Balance scorecard Diacnostic, Mempertahankan Kinerja Maksimal, Elekmedia Komputindo, Kelompok Gramedia, Jakarta.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 1998 tentang Perusahaan Perseroan (PERSERO) (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1998 Nomor 15, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3731) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 2001 (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2001 Nomor 68, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4101).
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 13 Tahun 1998 tentang Perusahaan Umum (PERUM), (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1998 Nomor 16, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3732).
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2000 tentang Perusahaan Jawatan (PERJAN) (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2000 Nomor 12, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3928);
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 64 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengalihan Kedudukan, Tugas dan Kewenangan Menteri Keuangan pada Perusahaan Perseroan (PERSERO), Perusahan Umum (PERUM) dan Perusahaan Jawatan (PERJAN) kepada Menteri Negara Badan Usaha Milik Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2001 Nomor 117, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4137)
Perpamsi, Website: perpamsi.org.id , 2007.
Plunkett, WR. Attner RF, 1989. Management. 3rd ed., Boston, Massachusetts: PWS-KENT Publishing Company.
-------. 1997. Management: Meeting and Exceeding Customer Orientation. Cincinnati, Ohio: South Western College Publishing.
Pradiansah, Arwan. 1999, Menciptakan Komunikasi dan system summer daya manusia yang terpadu : Upaya mewujudkan industrial yang harmonis, Usahawan, N0. 02, Tahun XXVIII Februari, Hal : 7 – 10.
Robbins, SP. 2006. Perilaku Organisasi (Terjemahan). Jakarta: PT. Indeks.
-------. 1998, Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications, International ed., New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
-------. 1990, Organization Theory: Sructure, Design and Applications, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Robert, Karlene., H, and David M. Hunt, 1991, Orgatnization Behavior, 2nd ed, Pws-Kent Publishing Company, Boston.
Rousseau, D. 1990. Normative beliefs in fund-raising organizations: Linking culture to organizational performance and individual responses. Group & Organization Studies, h.448-460.
Rue, LW. Byars LL, 1989. Management: Theory and Application. 5th ed. Homewood, Illinois: IRWIN.
-------.1991. Organizational Culture and Leadership, 1st ed., San Francisco, Oxford: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Ruky, Achmad. S. 2003, SDM Berkualitas Mengubah Visi Menjadi Realitas, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Sai Jadian, 1996. Perilaku Organisasi, Cetakan pertma, LP3ES, Jakarta.
Sasongko. 2005, Analisis Budaya Organisasi Hubungannya Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di PT. Prima Muda Sejahtera. Unika Atma Jaya.
Sedarmayanti. 2001. Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Produktivitas Kerja. Bandung : Mandar Maju
Sekaran, U. 2000, Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. Singapore: John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Schein, Edgar. H. 1992, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2 edition. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San fransisco.
…………………., 1995. On Dialoque, Culture, and Organizational Learning. Organizational Dynamics. 40-51.
………………….. 1992. Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2rd ed., San Francisco, Oxford: Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.
Shante, V. 1985, Culture and Related Corporate Realities, 1st ed, Richard D. Irwin. Inc., Homewood.
Siagian, Sondang. P. 1993. Filsafat Administrasi. Jakarta. PT. Gunung Agung.
. -------, 2002. Kiat Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja,. : PT. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta
Simamora, Henry. 2001. Manajemen sumber daya Manusia, edisi Ketiga, Bagian Penerbitan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi YKPN. Jogyakarta.
Slocum dan Hand. 1971, Prediction of Job Success and Employee Satisfaction. Journal of Training and Development, October 1971.
Pramono, Slamet. 2007, Pengaruh persepsi pegawai atas karakter budaya organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja pegawai†: Studi Pada Unit Pencegahan Dan Penyidikan (P2) Dan Unit Pejabat Fungsional Pemeriksa Barang (PFPB) Di Kantor Pelayanan Bea Dan Cukai Tipe A Khusus Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Unair Surabaya
Soejono, 2004, Pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja organisasi dan kepuasan kerja karyawan pada terminal penumpang umum di Surabaya, Disertasi, Untag 1945 Surabaya.
Stewart, Thomas. A. 1998, Modal Intelektual, Cetakan Kedua, Gajah Mada Press, Jogjakarta.
Sugiyono, 2005, Metode Penelitian Bisnis, Cetakan Kedelapan, CV. Alfabeta, Bandung,
Sulistyaningsih, Endang. 2001, Analisis Hubungan Antara Iklim Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan PT. Fajar Mas Murni Jakarta. Unika Atma Jaya.
Suprayetno, Agus. 2006, Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Serta dampaknya pada Kinenja Perusahaan, Tesis, Untag 1945 Surabaya.
Susanto, A.B. 1997, Budaya Perusahaan : Seri Manajemen dan Persaingan Bisnis, Cetakan pertama, Elexmedia Komputindo Jakarta.
…………….., 2008, Corpotae Culture & Organization Culture. The Jakarta Consulting Group. Jakarta.
Susiati, 2001. Pengaruh Budaya Perusahaan terhadap Kinerja (Studi pada PT. Terminal Petikemas Surabaya). Tesis. Universitas Brawijaya.
Suyadi, 1999. Kebijakan Kinerja Karyawan. BPFE, Yogyakarta.
The author who will publish the manuscript at DiE: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Manajemen, agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, pre-prints sites or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater dissemination of published work
