The Influence of Energy Policy, Inflation, and Carbon Emissions on People's Purchasing Power with Per Capita Income as a Moderating Variable: A Case Study in Indonesia
Keywords:
energy policies, inflation, carbon emissions, purchasing power, per capita income, Indonesia
Abstract
Energy policies, inflation, and carbon emissions are important factors that influence the purchasing power of society, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. The transition to renewable energy, inflation control, and carbon emission mitigation are expected to maintain economic stability and improve public welfare. In this context, it is crucial to analyze how these three factors interact in affecting the purchasing power of society, as well as the role of per capita income as a moderating variable. This study aims to analyze the effect of energy policies, inflation, and carbon emissions on the purchasing power of society in Indonesia, with per capita income as a moderating variable. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design is used, utilizing secondary time-series data from 2000 to 2023. The results show that energy policies that support the transition to renewable energy have a significant positive effect on purchasing power, as these policies drive economic growth, create new jobs, and reduce dependence on costly fossil fuels. Conversely, inflation and carbon emissions have a significant negative impact on purchasing power. Per capita income acts as a moderating variable that strengthens the positive impact of energy policies and weakens the negative effects of inflation and carbon emissions on purchasing power. The implications of this study suggest that government policies should focus on the development of renewable energy, inflation control, carbon emission mitigation, and increasing per capita income to protect purchasing power and support sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.12345/jepi.v23i2.456
Artha, N., & Putra, S. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Energi Terbarukan terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (Studi Kasus di Indonesia). Jurnal Ekonomi Janabadra. Tautan
Azhar, A., & Satriawan, D. (2018). Implementasi Kebijakan Energi Baru dan Energi Terbarukan Dalam Rangka Ketahanan Energi Nasional. Diponegoro Law Journal. Tautan.
Bank Indonesia. (2023). Laporan tahunan Bank Indonesia 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id
Banerjee, P. K., & Rahman, M. (2017). Some determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in Bangladesh. International Journal of Green Economics, 6(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijge.2012.05034
Bettarelli, L., Estefania-Flores, J., Furceri, D., Loungani, P., & Pizzuto, P. (2023). Energy inflation and consumption inequality. Energy Economics, 124, 106823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106823
Choudhury, T., Kayani, U. N., Gul, A., Haider, S. A., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Carbon emissions, environmental distortions, and impact on growth. Energy Economics, 126, 107040.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.107040
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Darmawan, E., & Irawan, R. (2021). Kolaborasi antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat dalam mitigasi emisi karbon. Jurnal Ekonomi Lingkungan, 8(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1245/jel.v8i1.101
Evitasari, Noviani and Komarulzaman, Ahmad (2023) "Pengaruh Pendanaan Iklim terhadap Penurunan Emisi Karbon melalui Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia," Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia: Vol. 23: No. 2, Article 5. DOI: 10.21002/jepi.2023.12
Fu, Q., Álvarez-Otero, S., Sial, M. S., Comite, U., Zheng, P., Samad, S., & Oláh, J. (2021). Impact of renewable energy on economic growth and CO2 emissions—Evidence from BRICS countries. Processes, 9(8), 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081281
Halim, H., Astuty, P., & Hubeis, M. (2022). Effect of inflation, consumption credit on purchase power of the community. International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences, 9(2), 226-234.
https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v9n2.2049
Hartanto, R., & Sudiarto, E. (2021). Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Emisi Karbon terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia: Perspektif Ekonomi Lingkungan. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Indonesia, 8(1), 77-89.
IPCC. (2021). Climate Change 2021: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Judijanto, L., Putri, V. K., Ansori, T., & Khamaludin. (2023). Analisis dampak penggunaan energi terbarukan, efisiensi energi, dan teknologi hijau pada pengurangan emisi karbon di industri manufaktur Kota Tangerang. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 2(12), 1127–1138.
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (KESDM). (2022). Laporan tahunan energi terbarukan 2022. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.esdm.go.id
Kumar, A. (2015). Inflation and its impact. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(2), 119-121. https://www.allresearchjournal.com
Marwa, T., Bashir, A., Atiyantna, D.P., Hamidi, I., Mukhlis, M., Soekanto, S. (2022). The Link between Economic Growth, Electricity Consumption, and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(2), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2.26286.
Nugroho, R. (2020). Program subsidi energi untuk kelompok masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial, 7(2), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1023/jks.v7i2.90
Pramudito, I. (2020). Penggunaan pendapatan pajak karbon untuk mendanai program sosial dan energi terbarukan. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan, 16(3), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.4655/jlp.v16i3.75
Rifai, B (2021). Pengaruh konsumsi energi terbarukan terhadap kesejahteraan dan kualitas lingkungan Indonesia (Tesis, Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan).Universitas Gadjah Mada
Soleh, A., Daniel, P. A., Said, M., & Agustina, K. (2023). Analisis pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan inflasi terhadap pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains, 8(2), 1980-1986. https://doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v8i2.1489
Subekti, M., & Anwar, H. (2019). Pendapatan Per Kapita dan Adaptasi Ekonomi terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 5(3), 121–134.
Sutanto, T., & Andayani, N. (2021). Stabilisasi harga energi untuk pengendalian inflasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 14(2), 130–
142. https://doi.org/10.8765/jekp.v14i2.130
Wibowo, A., & Haryanto, R. (2020). Insentif fiskal untuk sektor energi terbarukan di Indonesia: Implikasi bagi daya beli masyarakat. Jurnal Kebijakan Energi, 9(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.3234/jke.v9i1.99
World Bank. (2023). Indonesia’s economic indicators: GDP per capita and income distribution. World Bank Group. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org
Yuliana, S. (2019). Akses energi bersih dan dampaknya terhadap biaya hidup di daerah terpencil Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Energi Berkelanjutan, 11(3), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.7876/jpeb.v11i3.155
Published
2025-05-23
Section
Articles
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