Structural Bias in Indonesia's Health Financing System That Margaridates Traditional Medicine in the JKN Scheme

Budiarsih Budiarsih; Syofyan Hadi; Niken Grah P; Yew Wong Chin; Marc Meinke

doi:10.30996/jhbbc.v9i1.13168

Authors

Budiarsih Budiarsih Universitas Mulia Balikpapan, Indonesia
Syofyan Hadi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia
Niken Grah P Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Jombang, Indonesia
Yew Wong Chin Universitas Manajemen dan Teknologi Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Marc Meinke IU Internationale Hochschule, Jerman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v9i1.13168

Keywords:

national health insurance, traditional medicine, drug import, drug mafia

Abstract

Indonesia has extensive biodiversity and a rich tradition of medicinal knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation. These traditional medicines, derived from native plants and cultural practices, have significant potential to contribute to national health. However, the National Health Insurance System (SJKN) has not integrated traditional medicine into its financing scheme. This exception not only limits public access to alternative therapies but also hinders state support for the development and formal recognition of traditional medicine. At the same time, the national pharmaceutical industry is still heavily dependent on imported raw materials for medicines (Drug Raw Materials/BBO), making it vulnerable to global supply chain disruptions and the influence of drug import cartels, all of which are exacerbated by weak regulatory enforcement. This research uses a normative approach and case studies on the importance of legal protection through Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the integration of traditional medicine in JKN. The findings show that suboptimal regulation and weak IPR protections, particularly in the form of patents, trade secrets, and geographical indications, act as major barriers to innovation, commercialization, and investment. Strengthening the legal framework can encourage research and development, protect traditional knowledge from exploitation, and promote the sustainable use of local resources. Integrating traditional medicine into SJKN is not only culturally valuable, but also has a significant influence on reducing dependence on imported medicines.

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