Relevance between Strict Liability Theory and Banking Crimes in the Transfer of Customer Funds: Negligence and Intent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v9i1.132590Keywords:
banking crimes, strict liability, tortsAbstract
This article discusses the relevance of the Strict Liability theory to banking crimes in the transfer of customer funds involving elements of negligence as well as intent committed by bank managers. Strict liability places responsibility on the perpetrator without the need to prove fault, but rather by establishing a causal relationship between the act and the harm. In the context of civil law, Articles 1365 and 1367 of the Indonesian Civil Code recognize a form of liability resembling this concept through the mechanism of vicarious liability, whereby the bank as employer may be held liable for the unlawful acts of its employees. However, in practice, proof of negligence is often still required, so its application does not fully reflect pure strict liability. The Indonesian positive legal framework, through Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector, Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations on risk management, as well as corporate criminal law (Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016), provides a basis for regulating the bank's liability for customer losses, whether due to negligence or intent. Case studies of customer fund misuse at Maybank emphasize the importance of applying this principle to strengthen legal protection and improve banking governance, especially for customers harmed by the actions of bank managers. This research is normative in nature, employing a legislative approach and case analysis, aiming to assess the extent to which the strict liability theory can be explicitly adopted within the Indonesian banking legal framework to ensure optimal protection of customer funds.
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