SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF NOMINALIZATION IN ENGLISH ACADEMIC WRITING
Abstract
Abstrak. Salah satu ciri bahasa ilmiah adalah penggunaan “tatabahasa teknis†yang bentuknya ditandai dengan penominalan atau nominalisasi. Bahasa ilmiah yang mengandung banyak penominalisasian akan sulit dipahami karena makna kongruen situasi dinyatakan secara inkongruen atau pilihan linguistik lain (Eggins, 1994: 63; Thompson, 1996: 165), yang menyebabkan teks menjadi semakin padat. Ciri bahasa ilmiah ini memenuhi kebutuhan untuk “memperlebar domain intelektual†(Wilkins, dikutip dari Halliday and Martin, 1993: 6). Melalui proses ini, pengetahuan umum (folk knowledge)—yang menyatakan pengetahuan dari peristiwa atau proses dinamis diubah menjadi sintesa atau hasil dari kegiatan. Dengan demikian, pengemasan isi klausa ke dalam kelompok kata benda, atau penominalan cenderung menjadi “technicalized†(Halliday and Martin, 1993: 8). Nominalisasi memiliki tiga fungsi dalam bahasa ilmiah: (1) menawarkan keringkasan (conciseness), (2) menawarkan aliran informasi secara dinamis karena informasi lama dinyatakan dalam kelompok nominal yang langsung dapat diikuti oleh informasi baru, dan (3) menjadi sarana efektif  bagi kategorisasi, pelabelan dan deskripsi fenomena (Eggins, 1994, Lock, 1996). Di sisi lain, nominalisasi memberi masalah dalam pemahaman bagi pelajar EFL karena mereka harus mengetahui bagaimana mengurai kelompok nomina yang padat dan menghindarkan makna ganda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas analisis nominalisasi secara sintaksis dan semantik. Data diambil dari 20 kalimat dalam artikel dari Jurnal Language Learning & Technology. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat (4) struktur nominalisasi dan variasi kombinasi klausal tertentu dalam penguraiannya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nominalisasi meningkatkan makna tekstual, memaksimalkan potensi informasi, menghilangkan makna eksperiensial, abstraksi aktivitas dan perubahan dari aktivitas menjadi entitas.
Â
Kata kunci: academic writing, penominalan, analisis sintaksis dan semantikDownloads
References
Bhatia, V.K. 2001. The power and politics of genre. In Burns & C. Coffin (Ed). Analysing English in a Global Context: A reader, pp. 65-77. London: Routledge.
Colen, Alexandra. 1984. A Syntactic and Semantic Study of English Predicative Nominals. Brussel: Paleis der Academien.
Creswell, John W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Eggins, Suzanne. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publisher.
Flowerdew, J. 2000. “Discourse community, legitimate-peripheral participation,and the non-native English-speaking scholarâ€. TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 34, pp127-150.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
_______. 1993. Some Grammatical Problems in Scientific English. In M.A.K. Halliday and J.R. Martin. Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power. London: The Falmer Press.
Halliday,M.A.K. and Martin, J.R. 1993. Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power. London: The Falmer Press.
Halliday, M.A.K. & Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 1999. Construing Experience through Meaning: a Language-based Approach to Cognition. London: Cassell.
Lee, Jin Sook. 2006. “Exploring the Relationship between Electronic Literacy and Heritage Language Maintenanceâ€. Language Learning & Technology. Vol.10 No. 2. pp. 93-113.
Lees, Robert B. 1960. “The Grammar of English Nominalizationâ€. International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol.26 No. 3.
Lock, Graham. 1996. Functional English Grammar: An Introduction for Second Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, J.R., 1985. Factual Writing: Exploring and Challenging Social Reality. Victoria:Deakin University Press.
_______. 1993. Literacy in Science: Learning to handle text as technology. In M.A.K. Halliday and J.R. Martin. Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power, pp. 166-202. London: The Palmer Press.
_______. 1997. “Waves of Abstraction: Organizing Expositionâ€. In Tom Miller (Ed).Functional Approaches to Written Text: Classroom Applications. Washington: English Language Programs, United States Information Agency.
Ravelli, L.J. 1988. Grammatical metaphor: an initial analysis. In E.H. Steiner and R. Veltman (Ed). Pragmatics, Discourse and Text: Some Systematically-InspiredApproaches, pp. 133-147. London: Pinter.
Richards, Jack C., Platt, John, Platt, Heidi. 1995. Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Longman.
Sunarto. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial & Pendidikan. Suarabaya: UNESA University Press.
Swales, John M.. 1990. Genre Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, Geoff, 1996. Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
_______. 1999. “The elided participant: presenting an uncommonsenseview of the researcher’s roleâ€. Paper presented at 11th Euro-International Systemic Functional Workshop, Gent.
Wilkins, J. 1668. An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language. London: for Sa. Gellibrand, and for John Martyn.
Yule, George. 1985. The Study of Language: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign a Copyright Assignment Form. In signing the form, it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form has been received.It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or license the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to email jurnalparafrase@untag-sby.ac.id. . This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.
