Kebersyukuran dan ketangguhan sebagai mediator dukungan sosial dengan kesejahteraan psikologis guru honorer
Gratitude and resilience as mediators of social support with psychological well-being of honorary teachers
Abstract
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2023, teacher salaries in Indonesia are quite low. The problem of low compensation for honorary teachers has an impact on job satisfaction and reduces the psychological well-being of honorary teachers. This study aims to examine the psychological well-being model of honorary teachers. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey design. The instruments used are the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale, Social Support Scale, Gratitude Scale, and Short Grit Scale. This study involved 334 honorary teachers who were taken using the convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using path analysis techniques with the help of the SEM-PLS program. The results of the study showed that social support has an indirect effect on the psychological well-being of honorary teachers through gratitude and resilience. This study concludes that the availability of social support is not enough to make honorary teachers achieve psychological well-being. Honorary teachers need an attitude of gratitude and resilience in order to be psychologically prosperous. This study implies that it is necessary to develop a training program to increase gratitude and resilience so that teachers achieve psychological well-being.
Downloads
References
Abidin, F. A., Koesma, R. E., Joefiani, P., & Siregar, J. R. (2020). Pengembangan alat ukur kesejahteraan psikologis remaja usia 12-15 tahun. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i1.24840
Algoe, S. B., & Stanton, A. L. (2012). Gratitude when it is needed most : Social functions of gratitude in women with metastatic breast cancer. Emotion, 12(1), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024024
Amalia, R., & Ridho, A. A. (2021). Resiliensi pada guru honorer di masa pandemi. Edu Consilium: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.19105/ec.v2i1.4287
Amelia, N., & Emma Yunika Puspasari. (2023). Realitas dan kontradiksi regulasi guru honorer tahun 2023 di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 16(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.17977/UM014v16i12023p012
Annisa, N., & Rakhmawati, L. (2021). Pengaruh iri hati kepada rekan kerja terhadap work engagement yang dimediasi oleh negative feeling pada karyawan perbankan syariah di kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen, 4(2), 309–322. https://doi.org/jim.unsyiah.ac.id/ekm
Arya, B., & Lal, D. S. (2018). Grit and sense of coherence as predictors of well-being. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(1), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp.v9i01.11766
Bellingan, M., Tilley, C., & Evans, S. (2020). Capturing the psychological well-being of chinese factory workers. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2019-0492
Bono, G., Reil, K., & Hescox, J. (2020). Stress and wellbeing in urban college students in the U.S. during the covid-19 pandemic: Can grit and gratitude help? International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(3), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i3.1331
Carrion, G. C., Nitzl, C., & Roldan, J. L. (2017). Mediation analyses in partial least squares structural equation modeling: Guidelines and empirical examples. Springer International Publishing, 1–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64069-3
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar.
Deichert, N. T., Fekete, E. M., & Craven, M. (2021). Gratitude enhances the beneficial effects of social support on psychological well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(2), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1689425
Destiarani, S. (2018). Daya juang guru honorer. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v6i1.4528
Dirgantara, A. (2024). Massa tenaga honorer demo di depan DPR, minta diangkat jadi asn tanpa tes. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/08/07/16125171/massa-tenaga-honorer-demo-di-depan-dpr-minta-diangkat-jadi-asn-tanpa-tes
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit : Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Psychology and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2016). Development and validation of the short grit scale (GRIT-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290
Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Public Health, 26, 399–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357
Fitzgerald, P. (1998). Gratitude and justice. Ethics, 109(1), 119–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/233876
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1O37//0OO3-O66X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden and build theory of positive emotions. The Royal Society, 359(September), 1367–1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought ‐ action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19(3), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238
Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678
Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity : Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and de fi cits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002
Ghaybiyyah, F., & Mahpur, M. (2021). Dinamika kesejahteraan psikologis guru honorer SD Negeri 02 Tiudan, Kecamatan Gondang. JPA, 8(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15408/jpa.v8i1.24367
Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural equation modeling: Teori, konsep, dan aplikasi dengan program lisrel. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gleason, M. E. J., & Shrout, P. E. (2003). Daily supportive equity in close relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(8), 1036–1045. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203253473
Gulliford, L., Morgan, B., Hemming, E., & Abbott, J. (2019). Gratitude, self-monitoring and social intelligence: A prosocial relationship? Current Psychology, 38(4), 1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00330-w
Gunawan, L. R., Hendriani, W., & Airlangga, U. (2019). Psychological well-being pada guru honorer di indonesia: A literature review. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v4i1.6353
Ha-Na, L., & Hwee, W. (2023). Effects of gratitude disposition, social support, and occupational stress of clinical nurses on grit. Korea Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 32(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2023.32.1.56
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLSHair. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hannighofer, J., Foran, H., Hahlweg, K., & Zimmermann, T. (2017). Impact of relationship status and quality (family type) on the mental health of mothers and their children: A 10-year longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8(NOV), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00266
Hariwibowo, H., Rosalinda, I., & Khair, A. S. (2015). Motivasi kerja guru honorer ditinjau dari quality of work life. JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengukuran Psikologi, 4(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.21009/jppp.041.05
Hestiningsih, E., & Kusumiati, R. Y. E. (2022). Hubungan antara grit dengan subjective well-beig pada guru honorer. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Indonesia, 7(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_bk
Ismail, M., Kamarudin, & Nurdin. (2023). Studi komparatif tingkat kebahagiaan guru pns dan non pns (Honorer). KIIIES 5.0, 2, 150–154. https://doi.org/https://jurnal.uindatokarama.ac.id/index.php/kiiies50/issue/archive STUDI
Ismawati, Suroso, Farid, M., & Pratitis, N. T. (2022). Kesejahteraan psikologis guru non-Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS): Menguji peranan relisiensi dan kebersyukuran. Journal of Psychological Research, 2(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/https://aksiologi.org/index.php/inner
Israpil, I. (2020). Pengelolaan dan pemberdayaan guru non PNS pada madrasah negeri di kota kendari. Educandum, 6(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.31969/educandum.v6i1.323
Istiqomah, N. (2021). Kesejahteraan psikologis guru honorer di SMA Negeri 13 Depok. TERAPUTIK: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 5(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.26539/teraputik.51555
Kelley, W. M., Wagner, D. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2015). In search of a human self-regulation system. Review in Advance, April, 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014243
Khairullah, M., Situmorang, N. Z., & Diponegoro, A. M. (2021). Hubungan antara kebersyukuran dengan kebahagiaan pada guru honorer. Psyche, 14(2), 6–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v14i2.41
Kumar, S., Thomas, K. P., & Thind, N. S. (2021). Contextualized validation of social support scale. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(7), 3257–3266. https://doi.org/https://www.jcreview.com/paper.php?slug=contextualized-validation-of-social-support-scale
Lan, X., Ma, C., & Radin, R. (2019). Parental autonomy support and psychological well-being in tibetan and han emerging adults : A serial multiple mediation model. IIntercultural Differences in Psychological Well-Being, 10(March), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00621
Lestari, S., Nurani, G. A., & Hertinjung, W. (2023). Psychometric analysis of the social support among indonesian academicians. European Journal of Educational Research, 12(2), 749–758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.2.977
Lin, C. C., & Yeh, Y. C. (2014). How gratitude influences well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0424-6
Listiyandini, R. A., Nathania, A., Syahniar, D., Sonia, L., & Ndya, R. (2015). Mengukur rasa syukur : Pengembangan model awal skala bersyukur versi indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 2(2), 473–496. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu22015-41
Liu, H., Ye, B., & Hu, Y. (2022). Stressful life events and depression during the recurrent outbreak of covid-19 in china : The mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gratitude. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, May, 1359–1370. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S360455
Mariana, L., Ramadhan, Y. A., & Mariskha, S. E. (2018). Hubungan kebersyukuran dan komitmen organisasi pada guru honorer di Kota Samarinda. Motiva:Jurnal Psikologi, 1(2), 42–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31293/mv.v1i2.3952
Matsumoto, D. (2004). Pengantar psikologi lintas budaya. Pustaka Pelajar.
McCanlies, E. C., Gu, J. K., Andrew, M. E., & Violanti, J. M. (2018). The effect of social support, gratitude, resilience and satisfaction with life on depressive symptoms among police officers following hurricane katrina. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017746197
Mccullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition : A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychologi, 82(1), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.112
Millisani, F., & Handayani, A. (2019). Relationship between gratitude and social support with psychological well-being of elementary school honorer teachers in upt disdikpora pamotan sub-district rembang district. Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Mahasiswa Unissula, 18 Okteber, 267–276.
Mishra, S., Pandey, D., Joby, P. A., & Jha, M. (2014). Predicting effect of social support on psychological wellbeing in elderly. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 5(10), 8–11. https://doi.org/https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijhw/article/view/88788
Munn, L. T., Huffman, C. S., Connor, C. D., Swick, M., Danhauer, S. C., & Gibbs, M. A. (2022). A qualitative exploration of the National Academy of medicine model of well- being and resilience among healthcare workers during COVID- 19. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(8), 2561–2574. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15215
Nguyen, T. D., Anglum, J. C., & Crouch, M. (2023). The effects of school finance reforms on teacher salary and turnover: Evidence from national data. AERA Open, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584231174447
OECD Indicators. (2023). Education at a glance; OECD indicators. OECD. www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.
Pambuka, F. R. S., & Saifuddin, A. (2023). Whirling dance as a sufi healing method: A phenomenological study off the sufi dance community in surakarta. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam, 13(2), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20153.2
Pirade, G. S., Andadari, R. K., & Adhitya, D. (2020). Adaptasi budaya kerja ekspatriat amerika (Studi pada sekolah internasional di Salatiga). J-MKLI (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kearifan Lokal Indonesia), 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.26805/jmkli.v4i1.72
Prasetyaningrum, J., Halleyda, N., Fitriah, S. S., & Motik, G. A. (2022). Psychological wellbeing of Indonesian teachers. Prosiding 16th Urecol: Seri Sosial, Ekonomi Dan Psikologi, 45–53. https://doi.org/https://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/2194/2160
Prawitasari, A. (2024). Cerita Para Guru Honorer Muda di Soloraya , Gaji Rp150.000 / Bulan Sampai Tak Digaji 6 Bulan. Solopos. https://solopos.espos.id/cerita-par-987270
Priyohadi, N. D., Suhariadi, F., & Fajrianthi, F. (2019). Validity test for short grit scale (Grit - S) duckworth on Indonesian millennials. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 8(3), 375. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v8i3.13870
Ramadhoni, R. (2019). Implementasi penggajian guru honorer di Sekolah Dasar. Jibm, 2(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/https://journal.binadarma.ac.id/index.php/BINAMANAJEMEN/article/view/594
Rosita, E. (2021). Harga diri dan dukungan sosial dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada guru. Fenomena, 29(2), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.30996/fn.v29i2.3357
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything or is it ? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. . 0022-3514/89/SOO. 75
Ryff, C. D. (2013). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2009). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1 PLEASE
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science Research, 35(4), 1103–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.01.002
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you re: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
Sabki, M. (2023). BKN kumpulkan data pegawai honorer, hasilnya bikin kaget. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20221123082244-4-390369/bkn-kumpulkan-data-pegawai-honorer-hasilnya-bikin-kaget#:~:text=Hasil pendataan pada 2022 menyatakan,lain terkait dengan tenaga honorer.
Sabon, S. S. (2022). Permasalahan pengelolaan guru honorer pada jenjang pendidikan dasa. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 15(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.24832/jpkp.v15i2.599
Scarvanovi, B. W. (2023). “Legowo”: Sebuah gambaran kebersyukuran dan kesejahteraan psikologis guru pendidikan anak usia dini. Jurnal Psikologi : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 10(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.35891/jip.v10i1.2890
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(May 2003), 23–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12784
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. The American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using Plspredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189
Siahaan, Y. L. O., & Meilani, R. I. (2019). Sistem kompensasi dan kepuasan kerja guru tidak tetap di sebuah SMK swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 4(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008
Soulsby, L. K., & Bennett, K. M. (2015). Marriage and psychological wellbeing: The role of social support. Psychology, 06(11), 1349–1359. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.611132
Sulistyawati, A. (2023). Demo tenaga honorer : Kena PHK , tenaga honorer dpu siap demo besar-besaran. Solopos. https://soloraya.solopos.com/demo-tenaga-honorer-kena-phk-tenaga-honorer-dpu-siap-demo-besar-besaran-478895
Supriyadi. (2022). Tak kunjung diangkat jadi PNS, puluhan tenaga honorer Klaten demo. Murianews. http://jateng.murianews.com/murianews-com/331045/tak-kunjung-diangkat-jadi-pns-puluhan-tenaga-honorer-klaten-demo
Tramonti, F., Gerini, A., & Stampacchia, G. (2014). Relationship quality and perceived social support in persons with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 7(July), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2014.229
Unanue, W., Mella, M. E. G., Cortez, D. A., Bravo, D., Arya-Veliz, C., Unanue, J., & Broeck, A. Van Den. (2019). The reciprocal relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction : Evidence from two longitudinal field studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02480
Vandeventer, S. R. S., Rufer, M., Eglin, M., Koenig, H. G., & Hefti, R. (2024). Gratitude and religiosity in psychiatric inpatients with depression. Hindawi: Depression Reasearch and Treatment, 2024, 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7855874
Wang, S., Zhao, Y., & Li, J. (2023). True grit and brain: Trait grit mediates the connection of DLPFC functional connectivity density to posttraumatic growth following COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325(37), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.022
Winarsunu, T., Aminuddin, R. K., & Anwar, Z. (2023). Can gratitude become a religiosity mediator on employee job satisfaction? The Open Psychology Journal, 16, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2174/18743501-v16-e230824-2022-111
Winefield, H. R., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., & Pilkington, R. M. (2012). Psychological well-being and psychological distress: Is it necessary to measure both? Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-3
Yosal, C., & Sitabuana, T. H. (2022). Payung hukum terhadapasas keadilan upah tenaga kerja guru honorer. Jurnal Hukum Adigama, 5(1), 1776–1798. https://doi.org/https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/adigama/article/view/20120
Zhang, Q., Chao, X., Tu, Y., Yao, S., & Quan, P. (2024). A longitudinal study on the effect of labor values on benign/malicious envy: The mindfulness reperceiving model. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54504-z
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
Copyright (c) 2025 Fian Rizkyan Surya Pambuka, Sri Lestari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author who will publish the manuscript at Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, pre-prints sites or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater dissemination of published work
