Intervensi Peningkatan Perilaku Prososial dalam Upaya Menurunkan Perundungan
Abstract
Perundungan merupakan isu utama yang menjadi masalah di SMA XYZ sehingga menyebabkan siswa merasa tertekan secara psikologis dan merasa tidak nyaman di sekolah. Dari studi literatur diketahui bahwa semakin positif hubungan antar siswa, yang ditandai dengan tingginya tingkat perilaku prososial, tingkat kejadian perundungan akan semakin rendah. Sebelum intervensi dilakukan, peneliti melakukan studi baseline di SMA XYZ.  Berdasarkan studi baseline tersebut, diketahui bahwa beberapa siswa memiliki kemauan untuk mengubah tradisi perundungan dan menginginkan hubungan yang lebih positif di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan perilaku prososial siswa pada kelompok intervensi, agar terbentuk hubungan yang positif di sekolah. Partisipan pada kelompok intervensi adalah pengurus OSIS, yang terdiri dari 10 siswa kelas X dan 10 siswa kelas XI. Perimbangan pemilihan pengurus OSIS adalah karena mereka dapat menjadi agent of change di SMA XYZ. Intervensi dirancang dengan memodifikasi program CEPIDEA (Caprara et al., 2014), yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan keterampilan regulasi emosi, empati dan komunikasi serta penguatan perilaku melalui teknik persuasi media sosial pada siswa. Indikator keberhasilan intervensi ini adalah meningkatnya perilaku prososial siswa secara signifikan. Hasil pengukuran wilcoxon signed rank test menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan secara signifikan pada skor keterampilan regulasi emosi, empati, komunikasi, self efficacy dan perilaku prososial siswa. Implikasi penelitian intervensi ini dibahas dalam artikel.
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