Psikodinamika moral disengagement remaja pelaku pencabulan: Sebuah studi kasus instrumental
Abstract
Abstract
There are many juvenile sex offender cases in Indonesia. This study aimed to reveal how the psychodynamics of moral disengagement on juvenile sex offenders. Through moral disengagement, juvenile sex offenders commit various rationalizations to negate the feelings of guilt. This research used the qualitative method of an instrumental case study. The participants were seven juvenile sex offenders. The collecting data through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the stages of categorization and direct interpretation, correspondence and patterns, and naturalistic generalization. The credibility used data triangulation and asked the participants to read the interview transcript. The results showed the psychodynamic of juvenile sex offenders began by forming moral disengagement before the occurrence of sexual abuse or initiation phase. After committing fornication, adolescents could feel guilty or not feel guilty due to moral disengagement. This study showed that participants frequently used the attribution of blame, dehumanization, distortion of consequences. The theoretical implications were that moral disengagement also functions to overcome fear after moral violation and different forms of moral disengagement from theory, namely active avoidance.
Keywords: Instrumental case study; Juvenile sex perpetrators; Moral disengagement
Abstrak
Pencabulan oleh remaja masih banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap bagaimana psikodinamika moral disengagement remaja pelaku pencabulan. Melalui moral disengagement, remaja pelaku pencabulan melakukan berbagai bentuk rasionalisasi untuk meniadakan perasaan bersalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus instrumental. Partisipan penelitian adalah tujuh remaja pelaku pencabulan. Pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Analisa data melalui tahapan kategorisasi dan interpretasi langsung, korespondensi dan pola, serta generalisasi naturalistik. Kredibilitas penelitian menggunakan triangulasi data dan meminta informan membaca transkrip wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan psikodinamika remaja pelaku pencabulan diawali dengan membentuk moral disengagement sebelum terjadinya pencabulan, yaitu pada fase inisiasi. Setelah pencabulan atau fase pasca pencabulan, remaja dapat merasa bersalah namun dapat pula tetap tidak merasa bersalah karena moral disengagement. Bentuk moral disengagement yang banyak digunakan partisipan adalah atribusi menyalahkan, dehumanisasi, distorsi konsekuensi. Implikasi teoritis adalah moral disengagement juga berfungsi mengatasi perasaan takut setelah pelanggaran moral dan bentuk moral disengagement yang berbeda dengan teori yaitu penghindaran aktif.
Keywords: Moral disengagement; Remaja pelaku pencabulan; Studi kasus Instrumental
Downloads
References
Alleyne, E., Fernandes, I., & Pritchard, E. (2014). Denying humanness to victims: How gang members justify violent behavior. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17(6), 750–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430214536064
Bahri, S., & Fajrianti. (2015). Pelecehan Seksual Di Aceh. Jurnal Pencerahan, 9, 50–65.
Bandura, A. (2016). Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm and Live with Themselves. New York: Worth Publisher.
Barbaree, H. ., & Langston, C. . (2006). The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse and Family Environment. In H. . Barbaree & W. L. Marshal (Eds.), The Juvenile Sex Offender (2nd ed., pp. 58–76). New York: The Guilford Press.
Barbaree, H. ., & Marshal, W. L. (2006). An Introduction to the Juvenile Sex Offender: Terms, Concept and Definition. In H. . Barbaree & W. L. Marshal (Eds.), The Juvenile Sex Offender Barbaree, (2nd ed., pp. 1–18). New York: The Guilford Press.
Bateman, N. T. (2014). The roles of empathy , shame , and guilt in violence decision-making. University of Cambridge.
Bowes-Sperry, L., & O’Leary-Kelly, a. M. (2014). To Act or Not To Aact: The Dilemma Observers Harassment Faced by Sexual. Academy of Management Review, 30(2), 288–306. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.16387886
Bustamante, A., & Chaux, E. (2016). Reducing Moral Disengagement Mechanisms: A Comparison of Two Interventions. Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies, 6(1), 52–54. https://doi.org/10.18085/llas.6.1.123583644qq115t3
Caravita, S. C. S., Sijtsema, J. J., Rambaran, J. A., & Gini, G. (2014). Peer influences on moral disengagement in late childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(2), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9953-1
Cardwell, S. M., Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G., Schubert, C. a., & Mulvey, E. P. (2015). Variability in moral disengagement and its relation to offending in a sample of serious youthful offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(8), 819–839. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814567472
Caroli, M. E. De, & Sagone, E. (2014). Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement: An Analysis from Early Adolescence to Youth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.426
Corrion, K., Long, T., Smith, A. L., & d’Arripe-Longueville, F. (2016). “It’s Not My Fault; It’s Not Serious”: Athlete Accounts of Moral Disengagement in Competitive Sport. The Sport Psychologist, 23(3), 388–404. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.23.3.388
D’Urso, G., Petruccelli, I., Grilli, S., & Pace, U. (2019). Risk Factors Related to Cognitive Distortions Toward Women and Moral Disengagement: A Study on Sex Offenders. Sexuality and Culture, 23(2), 544–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9572-9
DeLisi, M., Peters, D. J., Dansby, T., Vaughn, M. G., Shook, J. J., & Hochstetler, a. (2014). Dynamics of Psychopathy and Moral Disengagement in the Etiology of Crime. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 12(4), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204013506919
Dhingra, K., Debowska, A., Sharratt, K., Hyland, P., & Kola-palmer, S. (2015). Psychopathy, Gang Membership, And Moral Disengagement Among Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 5(1), 13–24. https://doi.org//10.1108/JCP-11-2014-0016
Dittus, P. J., Michael, S. L., Becasen, J. S., Gloppen, K. M., McCarthy, K., & Guilamo-Ramos, V. (2015). Parental Monitoring and Its Associations With Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1587–1599. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0305
Eriksson, D. (2014). Moral (de)coupling : moral disengagement and supply chain management. Sweden: Ale Trycteam. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3987.2323
Feilhauer, J., Cima, M., Benjamins, C., & Muris, P. (2013). Knowing Right from Wrong, but Just Not Always Feeling it: Relations Among Callous-Unemotional Traits, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Cognitive and Affective Morality Judgments in 8- to 12-Year-Old Boys. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44(6), 709–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0363-0
Gerhard-Burnham, B., Underwood, L. A., Speck, K., Williams, C., Merino, C., & Crump, Y. (2016). The Lived Experience of the Adolescent Sex Offender: A Phenomenological Case Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1111965
Gomez, M. G. A. (2013). Moral Reasoning of Filipino Children in Conflict with The Law. Asian Journal f Anagement Sciences Education, 2(4), 156–168. Retrieved from www.leena-luna.co.jp
Hardy, S. A., Bhattacharjee, A., Reed, A., & Aquino, K. (2010). Moral identity and psychological distance : The case of adolescent parental socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 33(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.04.008
Hjelle, L. A., & Ziegler, D. J. (1992). Personalities Theories: Basic Assumption Research and Application. McGraw Hill (third). New York: McGraw-Hill International.
Hoyle, L. E. (2010). Adolescent Conceptualizations of Dating Problems: Bullying, Sexual Harassment, and Dating Violence. University of Michigan.
Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., & Moilanen, K. L. (2010). Developmental precursors of Moral Disengagement and the role of Moral Disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9358-5
Johnson, S. A. (2016). Parenting Styles and Raising Delinquent Children : Responsibility of Parents in Encouraging Violent Behavior. Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2016.03.00081
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Cheak, A. (2014). Psychodynamic approach. Cedex. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2456594
Kish-Gephart, J., Detert, J., Treviño, L. K., Baker, V., & Martin, S. (2014). Situational Moral Disengagement: Can the Effects of Self-Interest be Mitigated? Journal of Business Ethics, 125(2), 267–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1909-6
Knox, L. A. (2014). Scholar Attachment and Adolescent Offending : An Examination of the Links between Sexually Abusive Behavior and the Level of Attachment to Parents and Peers. Portland State University. Retrieved from https://pdxsholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds
Landry, M., Turner, M., Vyas, A., & Wood, S. (2017). Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a link? JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 3(2), e28. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7149
Leidner, B., & Castano, E. (2012). Morality shifting in the context of intergroup violence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 91(August 2011), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.846
Löfgren-Mårtenson, L., & Månsson, S. A. (2010). Lust, love, and life: A qualitative study of swedish adolescents’ perceptions and experiences with pornography. Journal of Sex Research, 47(6), 568–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490903151374
McCuish, E., Lussier, P., & Corrado, R. (2015). Examining Antisocial Behavioral Antecedents of Juvenile Sexual Offenders and Juvenile Non-Sexual Offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 27(4), 414–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063213517268
Moore, C., & Gino, F. (2013). How Others Pull Our Moral Compass from True North , and How We Can Fix It. London.
Owens, E. W., Behun, R. J., Manning, J. C., & Reid, R. C. (2012). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents : A Review of the Research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19, 99–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2012.660431
Paciello, M., Fida, R., Cole, E., & Cerniglia, L. (2013). dilemma in adolescence : The role of values , prosocial moral reasoning and moral disengagement in helping decision making. European Journal of Moral, 10(2), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.759099
Page, T. E., & Pina, A. (2015). Moral disengagement as a self- regulatory process in sexual harassment perpetration at work: A preliminary conceptualization. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 21, 73–84.
Page, T. E., & Pina, A. (2018). Moral disengagement and self-reported harassment proclivity in men : the mediating effects of moral judgment and emotions men : the mediating effects of moral judgment and emotions. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 24(2), 157–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2018.1440089
Persada, S. (2019). Ada 236 Kasus Pelecehan Seksual Anak Sepanjang 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1231780/ada-236-kasus-pelecehan-seksual-anak-sepanjang-2019
Peter, J., Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents ’ Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Sexual Uncertainty : The Role of Involvement and Gender Adolescents ’ Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Sexual Uncertainty : The Role of Involvement and Gender. Communication Monographs, 77(3), 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2010.498791
Petruccelli, I., Simonelli, C., Barbaranelli, C., Grilli, S., Tripodi, F., & Urso, G. D. (2017). Moral Disengagement Strategies in Sex Offenders. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 24(3), 470–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2016.1252291
Prabowo, M. P. (2020). Tahun 2019 , Ada 47 Kasus Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak di Surabaya. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://beritajatim.com/hukum-kriminal/tahun-2019-ada-47-kasus-kekerasan-seksual-terhadap-anak-di-surabaya/
Sarwono, S. W. (2003). Psikologi Remaja (Revisi). Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Scarpati, A. S., & Pina, A. (2017). Cultural and Moral Dimensions of Sexual Aggresion: The role of moral disengagament in men’s likeihood to sexua aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.09.001
Shu, L. L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2011). Dishonest deed, clear conscience: when cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 330–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211398138
Silva, T. da, Woodhams, J., & Harkins, L. (2015). Multiple perpetrator rape : A critical review of existing explanatory theories. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.07.017
Sweeten, G., Piquero, A. R., & Steinberg, L. (2013). Age and the Explanation of Crime, Revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(6), 921–938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9926-4
Thornberg, R., Wänström, L., Pozzoli, T., & Hong, J. S. (2019). Moral Disengagement and School Bullying Perpetration in Middle Childhood: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study in Sweden. Journal of School Violence, 18(4), 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2019.1636383
Tillman, C. J., Whitman, M. V, Kacmar, K. M., & Steinbauer, R. (2017). Gone but Not Forgotten The Multiple Roles of Moral Disengagement : A Process Model Perspective. The Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/[10.9774/GLEAF.3709.2017.ja.00004]
Traclet, A., Romand, P., Moret, O., & Kavussanu, M. (2011). Antisocial behavior in soccer: A qualitative study of moral disengagement. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2011.567105
Tsai, J.-J., Wang, C.-H., & Lo, H.-J. (2014). Locus of Control, Moral Disengagement in Sport, and Rule Transgression of Athletes. Social Behaviour and Personality, 42(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.59
Visconti, K. J., Ladd, G. W., & Kochenderfer-ladd, B. (2015). The Role of Moral Disengagement in the Association between chidren’s Social goals and Aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 61(1), 101–123.
Wegner, R., Abbey, A., Pierce, J., Pegram, S. E., & Woerner, J. (2015). Sexual Assault Perpetrators ’ Justifications for Their Actions : Relationships to Rape Supportive Attitudes , Incident Characteristics , and Future Perpetration. Violence Against Women, 2(8), 1018–1037. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215589380
The author who will publish the manuscript at Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, pre-prints sites or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater dissemination of published work
