Self-stigma dan kualitas hidup orang dengan psoriasis: Menilik peranan self-compassion sebagai moderator
Self-stigma and quality of life for people with psoriasis: Examining the role of self-compassion as a moderator
Abstract
Abstract
Psoriasis is a skin-based autoimmune disease. Individuals creating self-stigma often internalize stigma about skin disease. Self-stigma was found to reduce the quality of life of psoriatic individuals. Self-compassion is thought to weaken the impact of self-stigma on quality of life. However, this has yet to be studied within the psoriatic. This study aims to determine and understand the role of self-compassion as a moderator of the effect of self-stigma on the quality of life of psoriatic individuals. An explanatory mixed-method study was conducted. Quantitatively, through purposive sampling, 167 individuals aged 18-65 years diagnosed with psoriasis for at least two years were involved. Instruments used were Psoriasis Internalized Stigma Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Dermatology Life Quality Index, processed through Hayes Macro PROCESS moderating analysis technique. Qualitatively, data were obtained through interviews with two participants and analyzed thematically. Results showed that self-compassion could not be a significant moderator, and several factors were considered more influential. Future study needs to consider personality factors. Although self-compassion could not significantly moderate, its effect on self-stigma could still be considered for intervention.
Keywords: Psoriasis; self-compassion; self-stigma; quality of life
Abstrak
Psoriasis adalah penyakit autoimun yang menyerang kulit. Stigma yang beredar terkait penyakit kulit kerap diinternalisasi menjadi self-stigma dan ditemukan mengurangi tingkat kualitas hidup individu psoriasis. Self-compassion diduga dapat melemahkan dampak dari self-stigma terhadap kualitas hidup. Namun hal ini belum pernah diteliti pada kelompok psoriasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami peran self-compassion sebagai moderator antara pengaruh self-stigma terhadap kualitas hidup individu psoriasis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed-method eksplanatori. Secara kuantitatif, melalui purposive sampling, penelitian melibatkan 167 individu berusia 18-65 tahun yang telah didiagnosis psoriasis selama setidaknya dua tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Psoriasis Internalized Stigma Scale(a=0,92), Self-Compassion Scale(a=0,87), dan Dermatology Life Quality Index(a=0,99), diolah menggunakan teknik analisis moderasi Macro PROCESS Hayes. Data kualitatif didapatkan melalui wawancara terhadap dua partisipan dan diolah dengan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self-compassion tidak dapat berperan sebagai moderator yang signifikan. Hasil wawancara menemukan beberapa faktor yang diduga lebih berpengaruh dalam melemahkan pengaruh self-stigma terhadap kualitas hidup. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mempertimbangkan faktor kepribadian individu. Meskipun tidak secara signifikan memoderasi, self-compassion dinilai potensial untuk membantu permasalahan self-stigma sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan dalam intervensi.
Kata kunci: Kualitas hidup; psoriasis; stigma diri; welas diri
Downloads
References
Alpsoy, E., Polat, M., FettahlıoGlu-Karaman, B., Karadag, A. S., Kartal-Durmazlar, P., YalCın, B., Emre, S., Didar-Balcı, D., Bilgic-Temel, A., Arca, E., Koca, R., Gunduz, K., Borlu, M., Ergun, T., Dogruk-Kacar, S., Cordan-Yazici, A., Dursun, P., Bilgic, O., Gunes-Bilgili, S., … Senol, Y. (2017). Internalized stigma in psoriasis: A multicenter study. Journal of Dermatology, 44(8), 885–891. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13841
Alpsoy, E., Polat, M., Yavuz, I. H., Kartal, P., Balci, D. D., Karadag, A. S., Bilgic, A., Arca, E., Karaman, B. F., Emre, S., Adisen, E., Sendur, N., Bilgic, O., Yazici, A. C., Yalcin, B., Koca, R., Gunduz, K., Borlu, M. M., Ergun, T., … Senol, Y. (2020). Internalized stigma in pediatric psoriasis: A comparative multicenter study. Annals of Dermatology, 32(3), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.5021/AD.2020.32.3.181
Armstrong, A. W., & Read, C. (2020). Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: A review. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(19), 1945–1960. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4006
Bathje, G. J., & Marston, H. N. (2014). Self-Stigmatization. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1713–1715). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7
Bulat, V., Šitum, M., Delaš Aždaji, M., Lovri, I., & Dediol, I. (2020). Study on the impact of psoriasis on quality of life: psychological, social and financial implications. Medicina Academica Mostariensia, 32(2), 155–163.
Chen, A., Beck, K. M., Tan, E., & Koo, J. (2018). Stigmatization in psoriasis. In Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 100–106). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/2475530318781339
Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012). On the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Stages, Disclosure, and Strategies for Change Defining Self-Stigma. In Can J Psychiatry (Vol. 57, Issue 8).
Damayanti, R., Fitriana, R. N., & Rakhmawati, N. (2021). Hubungan self compassion dengan kepatuhan manajemen kesehatan pada penderita gagal ginjal kronik di ruang hemodialisa rsud dr. Moewardi surakarta.
Germain, N., Augustin, M., François, C., Legau, K., Bogoeva, N., Desroches, M., Toumi, M., & Sommer, R. (2021). Stigma in visible skin diseases – a literature review and development of a conceptual model. In Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (Vol. 35, Issue 7, pp. 1493–1504). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17110
Hudson, M. P., Thompson, A. R., & Emerson, L. M. (2019). Compassion-focused self-help for psychological distress associated with skin conditions: a randomized feasibility trial. Psychology and Health, 35(9), 1095–1114. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1707829
Jankowiak, B., Kowalewska, B., Krajewska-Kułak, E., & Khvorik, D. F. (2020). Stigmatization and Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriasis. Dermatology and Therapy. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11890032
Khan, J. M., Rathore, M. U., Tahir, M., & Abbasi, T. (2020). Dermatology life quality index in patients of psoriasis and its correlation with severity of disease. In J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad (Vol. 32, Issue 1). http://www.jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk64
Livingston, J. D., & Boyd, J. E. (2010). Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 71(12), 2150–2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.030
Mazurkiewicz, N., Krefta, J., & Lipowska, M. (2021). Attitudes towards appearance and body-related stigma among young women with obesity and psoriasis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788439
McKenzie, S. K., Collings, S., Jenkin, G., & River, J. (2018). Masculinity, social connectedness, and mental health: men’s diverse patterns of practice. American Journal of Men’s Health, 12(5), 1247–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318772732
Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
Ociskova, M., Prasko, J., Kamaradova, D., Grambal, A., & Sigmundova, Z. (2015). Individual correlates of self-stigma in patients with anxiety disorders with and without comorbidities. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 1767–1779. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S87737
Owczarek, K., & Jaworski, M. (2016). Quality of life and severity of skin changes in the dynamics of Psoriasis. Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 33(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2015.54873
Panasiti, M. S., Ponsi, G., & Violani, C. (2020). Emotions, alexithymia, and emotion regulation in patients with psoriasis. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00836
Post, M. W. M. (2014). Definitions of quality of life: What has happened and how to move on. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 20(3), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1310/sci2003-167
Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003). Internalized stigma of mental illness: Psychometric properties of a new measure. Psychiatry Research, 121(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008
Santrock, J. W. (2014). Adolescence (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Sarac, G., Koca, T. T., & Balgan, T. (2016). A brief summary of clinical types of psoriasis. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2016.16023
Schmid-Ott, G., Schallmayer, S., & Calliess, I. T. (2007). Quality of life in patients with psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis with a special focus on stigmatization experience. Clinics in Dermatology, 25(6), 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.08.008
Sutawardana, J. H., Wildiah, N. P., & Widayati, N. (2020). Hubungan self compassion dengan kepatuhan terapi insulin pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di rsd dr. soebandi jember. Journal of Nursing Care & Biomolecular, 5(1).
Taylor, S. E. (2015). Health psychology (10E ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
WHO. (2016). Global report on psoriasis.
Wong, C. C. Y., Knee, C. R., Neighbors, C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2019). Hacking stigma by loving yourself: a mediated-moderation model of self-compassion and stigma. In Mindfulness (Vol. 10, Issue 3, pp. 415–433). Springer New York LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0984-2
Yang, X., & Mak, W. W. S. (2016). The differential moderating roles of self-compassion and mindfulness in self-stigma and well-being among people living with mental illness or HIV. Mindfulness, 8(3), 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0635-4
Zhong, H., Yang, H., Mao, Z., Chai, X., & Li, S. (2021). Impact of moderate-to-severe psoriasis on quality of life in China: A qualitative study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01902-w
Copyright (c) 2023 Grazella Natasha Wijaya, Lidia Laksana Hidayat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author who will publish the manuscript at Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, pre-prints sites or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater dissemination of published work