YOGA PADA PANCATANTRA INDIA DAN KALADESA PADA TANTRI KAMANDAKA JAWA KUNO: KAJIAN SASTRA BANDINGAN
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Indian Pancatantra is the archetype of Old Javanese Tantri Kamandaka, Laos Tantrai and Siam Tanthai. This research wants to compare between Pancatantra and Tantri Kamandaka which comes from two different countries in the same continent, Asia, and from different periods (200 BC and 1200’s). This comparative literary study shows that they produce local colors. These local colors are analyzed with Thompson’s motif and Riffaterre’s semiotic which is conducted by heuristic and hermeneutic levels. Through the applications of interpretation and interdisciplinary literature, the symbols found in the folktales are explained. The comparison of both fables achieves the authentic meanings, “A Louse and A Bug†in Indian Pancatantra modifies Yoga and “A Louse and A Bug†in Old Javanese Tantri Kamandaka tells about Kaladesa. Finally the transformation from yoga into kaladesa is investigated with the concept of acculturation.
Key words: comparative literature, motif, symbol, yoga, kaladesaDownloads
References
Alphonso-Karkala, J.B. 1987. An Anthology of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Penguin Book.
Brandes, J.L.A. 2007 [1887]. “Een Jayapattra of Acte van Eene Rechterlijke Uitspraak van Saka 849â€. http://www.arkeologi.net/ index1.php?id=view_news&ct_news=608
Brown, W.N. 1981. “Hindusmâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14. International Edition. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. Page 207—214.
Brown, W.N. 1981b. “Jainism and Buddhismâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14. International Edition. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. Page 869-871.
Brown, W.N. 1981c. “India: Arts and Science: Folk Talesâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14. International Edition. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. Page 923.
Coomaraswamy, A.K. 1985. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
Darmayasa, M. 1998. Pancatantra Buku Pertama: Perselisihan di antara Sahabat. Denpasar: Manik Geni.
Dillistone, F.W. 2002. The Power of Symbols. London: SCM Press Ltd.
Dundes, A. 1980. Interpreting Folklore. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Dundes, A. 1980a. “Ways of Studying Folkloreâ€. Hal. 41—52 dalam T. Coffin, III (ed.), American Folklore. Washington DC: Voice of America Forum Series.
Hooykaas, C. 1929. Tantri, de Middel-Javaansche Pancatantra-Bewerking. Leiden: A. Vros.
Jupriono, D. 200. “Revitalisasi Tradisi Lisan dalam Era Kelisanan Sekunderâ€. Humanika 4(2) Desember.
Koentjaraningrat. 1958. Metode Anthropologi dalam Penjelidikan Masjarakat dan Kebudajaan di Indonesia. Djakarta: Penerbitan Universitas.
Mardiwarsito, L. 1983. Tantri Kamandaka: Naskah dan Terjemahan dengan Glosarium. Ende-Flores: Nusa Indah.
Mulder, N. 1985. Pribadi dan Masyarakat di Jawa. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.
Pendit, N.S. 1989. “Desa Kala Patraâ€. Ensiklopedi Nasional Indonesia. Jilid 4: 309. Jakarta: PT Cipta Adi Pustaka.
Poespoprodjo, W. 1987. Interpretasi: Beberapa Catatan Pendekatan Filsafatinya. Bandung: Remadja Karya.
Riffaterre, M. 1978. Semiotics of Poetry. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Somvir. 2007. Mari Beryoga. Denpasar: Empat Warna.
Somvir. 2003. “A One Man Army Out to Propagate Hinduismâ€. http://www.hindustan times .com/ news/5967_407680,001600060001.htm
Sudikan, S.Y. 2001. Metode Penelitian Sastra Lisan. Surabaya: Citra Wacana.
Thompson, S. 1966. Motif-Index of Literature: A Classification of Narative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends. Volume 1—6. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Titib, I M. 1996. Bhagavan Vedah Sang Hyang Weda: Veda Sabda Suci. Surabaya: Paramita.
Totton, M.L. 2003. “Narrating Animals on the Screen of the World—Critical Essayâ€. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0422/is_1_85/ai_99695
Vishnu-Sharma. 1987. “Pancha-Tantra†Five Treaties. Page 285—306 in J.B. Alphonso-Karkala (ed.), An Anthology of Indian Literature. New Delhi: ICCR-Penguin Book.
Weisstein, U. 1973. Comparative Literature and Literary Theory: Survey and Introduction. Terj. W. Riggan. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Wilson, C.R. & W. Ferris. 2007. “Local Color Eraâ€. http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/local color
Zoetmulder, P.J. & S. Robson. 1982. Old Javanese Dictionary. Leiden: KTLIV.
Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign a Copyright Assignment Form. In signing the form, it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form has been received.It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or license the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to email jurnalparafrase@untag-sby.ac.id. . This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.
