STORY MOTIF VARIETY IN PANCATANTRA INDIAN FABLE
Abstract
Abstrak. Fokus pembahasan kajian ini adalah motif cerita fable-fabel Pancatantra menurut klasifikasi motif-index Thompson (1966). Pancatantra adalah rangkaian fabel di dalam cerita berbingkai, yang berisi ajaran moral dan etika bagi seluruh umat manusia. Tantra pertama “Perselisihan di antara Sahabat†pada Pancatantra terjalin dari 22 fabel berangkai tentang persahabatan dan konflik antarbinatang, sebagai metode dan materi mendidik Pendeta Visnu Sharma kepada tiga putra malas dan bodoh dari Raja Kerajaan Mahilaropyam, Amarshakti. Fabel-fabel tersebut mengandung beragam motif cerita, dari motif tentang pendeta mengajarkan kebijaksanaan kepada putra-putra raja pada fable ke-1, “Tiga Pangeran Yang Begoâ€, hingga motif tentang hewan yang memberitahu harta benda dan motif seseorang yang terbunuh karena memukul lalat di wajahnya pada fable ke-22, “Kera Bodoh dan Kisah Para Brahmanaâ€.
Â
Kata-kata kunci: story motif, fable, tale, framed story, moral value
Downloads
References
Andayani, A. 2007. “Indian Pancatantra and Old Javanese Tantri Kamandaka: Comparative Literature Studyâ€. Thesis unpublished. Prodi Bahasa-Sastra, Program Pascasarjana, Univ. Negeri Surabaya.
Andayani, A. 2008. “Comparison of Indian Pancatantra and Balinese Tantri Kamandaka in Multiperspectivesâ€. Parafrase 8(1) Februari.
Andayani, A. 2009. â€Hindu-Brahma pada Pancatantra dan Hindu Shiwa-Tantrisme pada Tantri Kamandaka Jawa Kuno: Kajian Sastra Bandinganâ€. Makalah Seminar Interdisipliner Fakultas Sastra, Untag Surabaya, 30 Juli 2009.
Brown, W.N. 1981. “Folk Talesâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14. International Edition. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. Page 923.
Coomaraswamy, A.K. 1985. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
Darmayasa, M. 1998. Pancatantra Buku Pertama: Perselisihan di antara Sahabat. Denpasar: Manik Geni.
Dundes, A. 1980. Interpreting Folklore. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Hooykaas, C. 1929. Tantri, de Middel-Javaansche Pancatantra-Bewerking. Leiden: A. Vros.
Hooykaas, C. 1931. Tantri Kamandaka: Een Oudjavaansche Pantjatantra-Bewerking in Tekst en Vertaling Uitgegeven. Bibliotheca Javanica. Bandoeng: AC Nix & Co.
Hunter, T.M. 1995. “Animal Motifs in Indonesian Architecdtural Reliefs: Three Stages in Textual and Visual Evokutionâ€. American Committee for South Asian Art (ACSAA), Annual Meeting, N.Y. City, Spring.
Klokke, M.J. 1993. The Tantri Reliefs on Ancient Javanese Candi. Leiden: KITLV Press, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology.
Somvir. 2003. “A One Man Army Out to Propagate Hinduismâ€. www.hindustantimes.com/ news/5967_ 407680,001600060001.htm
Spencer, D.M. & W.N. Brown. 1981. “India: The People and Way of Lifeâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14: 866—869. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated.
Sudikan, S.Y. 2001. Metode Penelitian Sastra Lisan. Surabaya: Citra Wacana.
Thieme, P. 1981. “India: Arts & Science: Literatureâ€. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 14. International Edition. Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. Page 915—919.
Thompson, S. 1966. Motif-Index of Literature: A Classification of Narative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends. Volume 1-6. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.
Totton, M.L. 2003. “Narrating Animals on the Screen of the World—Critical Essayâ€. www.findarticles.com/p/ articles/mi_m0422/is_1_85/ai_99695
Vishnu-Sharma, P. 1987. “Pancha-Tantra†Five Treatiesâ€. Page 285—306 in J.B. Alphonso-Karkala (ed.), An Anthology of Indian Literature. New Delhi: ICCR-Penguin Book.
Vishnu-Sharma, P. 2004. Cerita Rakyat India, Kisah-kisah dari Hitopadesha. Terj. Sri Artaria. Rupa & Co.
Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign a Copyright Assignment Form. In signing the form, it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form has been received.It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or license the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to email jurnalparafrase@untag-sby.ac.id. . This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.
