Studi Perbandingan Daya Dukung dan Penurunan Fondasi Tiang Pancang Dengan Variasi Dimensi Pada Struktur Jembatan Jalan Tol
Abstract
Abstrak Fondasi tiang dalam, seperti tiang bor (bored pile) dan tiang pancang (driven pile), merupakan solusi utama untuk mendukung struktur pada tanah dengan daya dukung rendah. Tiang bor dipilih karena fleksibilitasnya dalam menyesuaikan kondisi tanah, meskipun prosesnya lebih lama. Sebaliknya, tiang pancang unggul dalam mutu material dan waktu pemasangan yang lebih cepat, sehingga efisien dalam pelaksanaan proyek. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis kapasitas daya dukung fondasi menggunakan metode Nakazawa dengan variasi dimensi tiang pancang, yaitu 0,8 m, 1 m, 1,2 m dengan kedalaman 15 m serta analisis penurunan fondasi dalam menggunakan metode Vesic secara manual dan metode elemen hingga sebagai perbandingan hasil. Studi dilakukan pada titik bor uji tanah Bor-78 kedalaman 30 meter dengan hasil kondisi tanah berupa lempung dan lanau dengan konsistensi sangat lunak hingga lunak, serta lapisan pasir dengan kepadatan cukup padat di bagian bawah. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar diameter tiang, kapasitas daya dukung meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan nilai penurunan fondasi cenderung menurun. Analisis penurunan mempertimbangkan kontribusi deformasi tanah dan deformasi batang tiang secara terpisah. Hasil studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi teknis dalam perencanaan fondasi jembatan pada kondisi tanah lunak dan padat, dengan mempertimbangkan efisiensi desain berdasarkan variasi dimensi tiang yang digunakan. Kata kunci: Daya Dukung Tiang, Metode Nakazawa, Metode Vesic, Fondasi Dalam, Dan Penurunan Fondasi. Abstract Deep foundation piles, such as bored piles and driven piles, are the primary solutions for supporting structures on soils with low bearing capacity. Bored piles are chosen for their flexibility in adapting to soil conditions, although their installation process takes longer. Conversely, driven piles excel in material quality and faster installation time, making them efficient for project implementation. This study analyzes the bearing capacity of foundations using the Nakazawa method with variations in pile dimensions of 0.8 m, 1 m, and 1.2 m diameter at a depth of 15 m, along with an analysis of foundation settlement using the Vesic method manually and the finite element method (FEM) for comparison. The study was conducted at soil investigation borehole Bor-78 with a depth of 30 meters, revealing soil conditions consisting of clay and silt with very soft to soft consistency, and a lower layer of medium dense sand. The calculation results show that increasing the pile diameter significantly increases the bearing capacity, while the foundation settlement tends to decrease. The settlement analysis considers the contributions of soil deformation and pile shaft deformation separately. This study is expected to serve as a technical reference in the planning of bridge foundations on soft and dense soil conditions, taking into account design efficiency based on the variation of pile dimensions used. Keywords: Pile Bearing Capacity, Nakazawa Method, Vesic Method, Deep Foundation, and Foundation Settlement.Downloads
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Published
2025-12-05
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