ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MANDIRI PERDESAAN (PNPM MP) STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN MANGGIS KABUPATEN KARANGASEM TAHUN 2009 DAN 2010
Abstract
Poverty has been a classic, complex and global social symptom. Problemstructure: 1)
Are the cultural elements the causes of the helplessness of the poor in Manggis District?
2) Does the implementation management affect execution of the National Program for
Community Empowerment Independent Rural Areas (PNPM MP) in Manggis District?
3) Is the implementation of the PNPM PM policy able to empower the people in
Manggis District? 4) What is the meaning of the PNPM PM implementation at the
district, village and subvillage levels? Although the PNPM MP program implementation
formally applies the bottom-up theory, the analytical PNPM MP implementation
processes have shown a strong tendency to use the top-down theory. Theoretically, the
PNPM MP program implementation in Manggis District has used the (Wayne Parsons,
2005) combined approach. The Merilee Grindle implementation approach is able to
explain the PNPM MP implementation. By adding the communication factors to the
Grindle model, the PNPM MPimplementation will resemble the bottom-up inclined
Elmore model. Conclusion: first, the cultural factors represent one of the causes of
poverty, but their impacts are relatively small compared with the natural and structural
factors. Second, the policy managerial implementation has been successful in the sense
that it has performed all its functions, except for that of control and supervision. Third,
the PNPM MP program implementation has complied with the applicable procedures
and provisions (PTO). The PNPM MP implementation has resulted in the capacity
increases of persons/institutions at Sub-district and District levels but has not succeeded
in reducing the number of the poor people (RTM). Fourth, the PNPM MP
implementation has in general complied with the procedures but the PNPM MP
implementation has not been able to reach the main purpose of the policy, to overcome
the problems of poverty.
Key words: poverty, policy implementation, implementation models.
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